DOI: 10.36347/sjams.2014.v02i05.049

Pages: 1734-1740

This study is conducted to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of multidrug resistant bacteria among blood isolates. It was conducted from July 2011 to January 2012 at Department of Pathology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan. The patients referred to the laboratory for blood cultures were selected. Blood cultures were done using standard protocol. Different microorganisms were identified using standard battery of tests. Antibiotic sensitivity was checked with Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Blood culture was positive in 152 (14.39%) cases, out of which 58 (14.39%) were multidrug resistant bacteria. The male to female ratio was 1.76:1. Most common age group affected was between 21-40 years of age. The most common site of origin of multidrug resistant bacteria was emergency ward (26 cases; 44.87%) followed by medical ward (19 cases; 32.75%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacteria among gram positive isolates while Salmonella typhimurium followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were most common amongst gram negative isolates. In gram positive isolates, S aureus was resistant to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (100%) and co-trimoxazole (53.3%) while methicillin resistant S aureus was resistant to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (100%), co-trimoxazole (81.80%) and cefuroxime (54.50%). Gram negative organisms were resistant to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (100%), ciprofloxacin (100%), co-trimoxazole (100%), cefepime (100%), nalidixic acid (92%) and cefoperazone plus sulbactam (71%). Our study has shown that both gram positive and gram negative bacteria are resistant to most of the commonly prescribed antibiotics and their antibiotic resistance pattern is changing.