DOI: 10.36347/sjds.2018.v05i05.006

Pages: 282-286

Extraction space closure in one of the important steps in orthodontic treatment. Number of loop configuration available in the literature. These loop designs that have been described have specific applications and when properly employed produce effective responses. They can be quite effective additional means for controlling orthodontic forces. M/F ratio and FDR of any loop are those biomechanical parameters which govern the efficiency of any retraction loop. In depth understanding of these properties is essential for efficient utilization of any retraction loop. Any type of tooth movements can be produced by the loops. They usually are included in the retraction stage of treatment. However, the loops may also be used in various treatment stages; leveling, alignment and finishing. Loops may be employed with or without helixes and can be placed by altering the length and height of the loop. This review article deals with several literature data of loop designs with their biomechanical properties in different materials and that can alter the effectiveness of the loop.