DOI: 10.36347/sjams.2015.v03i09.012

Pages: 3192-3197

Renal stones are a great problem in human all over the world, the world prevalence is estimated between 1 to 5% in developing countries and differs in various parts of the world it ranges from 1- 5 % in Asia to 20% in North America, the prevalence increased in countries drinking hard grand water also increased in desert and hot climate countries. In the present work we collect 50 urine samples from random Saudi subjects from, Hail, Ugda, Qnaa, Al Khuta and Twaran, 17 cases (34%) are diagnosed as renal stone. History and physical examination revealed changes in urine as frequency urination, bad odor, dark brown color and history of chronic renal disease. Chemical Findings of urine of the 17 cases showed increase in calcium in 6 cases (35.1 %) and also oxalate found in 4 cases (23.6%), phosphate in 2 cases (11.8%) ammonium in 2 cases (11.8%) but uric acid and carbonate and magnesium in 1 case in each salt (5.9%). The morphological analysis of 17 cases revealed that calcium oxalate monohydrate found in 6 cases (35.1%), calcium oxalate dehydrate also increase in 6 cases (35.1%). Calcium and magnesium were seen in 2 cases (11.8%). Specific gravity also increased (1,050). Microscopical examination of urine sediment showed the following finding: excessive RBC, Lecosytes, epithelial cast’s epithelial cells, excessive mucus and fungi like element. The fungal examination revealed candida albicans which appears as pink filaments stained by hematoxylin and eosin.