DOI: 10.36347/sjams.2016.v04i03.057

Pages: 924-928

Diabetic-Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life threatening complication of diabetes mellitus [DM]. It classically occurs in young patient with Type 1DM However it occurs in patients with Type 2 DM and In India. Its incidence is increasing. This study was undertaken to analyse the clinical profile and its outcome of DKA mainly in adults in a tertiary care hospital. This study was under taken in Gorakhpur on 52 cases from January 2014 to December 2015. Diagnosis [10, 11] was made by the presence of hyperglycemia (Blood sugar >250 mg), acidosis (Arterial pH≤7.3) serum carbonate (≤15mEq) and ketonemia. All relevant investigations were performed and patients were treated with the aim to achieve ketone free condition and euglycemia. Fifty two cases (61.2%) out of 85 cases who had fulfilled the DKA diagnostic criteria [10, 11] constituted the clinical material whose age varies from 15 to 75 year(42.5±8.3 year) with male and female ratio of 1:1.08, Ten patient (17.0%) were of Type1DM of whom 3 (5.78) were below 20 years of age. Most of the female were from 4th(8 out of 12 cases 66.0%) and 5th (8 out of 14 cases 57.2%) decade of life. 26 cases(50%) had infection as precipitating factor. The main infection was lobar pneumonia [19.2%] pulmonary tuberculosis (15.5%) and urinary tract infection (9.6%). In Type 1DM cases the main cause of DKA was irregular and discontinuation of insulin therapy otherwise in Type 2 DM cases the irregular treatment, lack of diet control and exercise. The main presenting features were dehydration [76.9%] nausea vomiting [59.6%] and hypotension [42.3%]. Characteristic Kusmauli breathing with sweet odor (17.2%). Poor compliance was main feature for the severity of DKA.