Allelopathy is the direct or indirect effect of one plant on another through release of substances in the environment and occurs widely in natural plant communities. The secondary metabolites or natural products involved in allelopathy are called allelochemicals and can be produced in different parts of the plants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic activity of medicinal plant weed Euphorbia parviflora L on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. Laboratory bioassay was conducted and biochemical parameters were determined. The root, stem and leaf leachates inhibited the germination percentage and seedling growth of wheat. The allelopathic effect varied in each of the tests and this depends upon type of plant material used for bioassay. All the types of leachates suppress the growth of radicle significantly. The effect on seed germination was more pronounced in leachates of root and stem while there was little effect by leaf leachates. The germination was considerably inhibited as well as delayed by the root and stem leachates. However, the magnitude of inhibition of leachates followed the order stem > leaf > root. The plant was chemically analyzed for the presence and confirmation of Caffeic acid by HPTLC method. Preliminary phytochemical tests were carried out for the confirmation of some secondary metabolites in the plant parts. The inhibitory effects of Euphorbia parviflora L. on wheat may be due to the presence of Caffeic acid, Saponins and Tannins as allelochemicals in the leachates.

The avifauna of West Kordofan received very little attention. The present study aimed to contribute to birds species recorded for the area and Sudan. Observations were made during May 2011, September 2014, October 2016 and 2019 and facilitated by using a binocular. Documentation was made by a Nikon digital camera. The avifauna of western Kordofan included 78 out of the 653 species recorded for Sudan. The non-passerines species were 55 and the passerines were 23. The order Passeriformes was the largest including 9 families and 23 species. Most Accipitridae, except Milvius migrans, were categorized as endangered or critically endangered; The Secretary Bird (Sagittarius serpentarius) as vagrant; and the Arabian Bustard (Ardeotis arabs), Curlew Sandpiper (Calidris ferruginea) and the African Skimmer (Himantopus flavirostris) as near threatened. The abundance scale adopted in this study ranked these bird species as uncommon. The study concluded that more attention to be paid for studying birds of Sudan especially in conflict and oil fields areas.

Background: The prevalence of keloid among adult female students with multiple ear piercing was determined in the University of Port Harcourt. Rivers State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total number of 1000 participants comprising the age range of 20-30 years were used for this study. Questionnaires were given to the objects with multiple ear lobes piercing, from which the subjects with keloids were noted. Participants that had keloid were asked if they had any history of keloid in their family, when and how soon the keloid developed after piercing was done. Results and Discussion: It was noted that among the 1000 adult female students surveyed in University of Port Harcourt, about 99.5% of them with multiple ear lobe piercing had no keloid. Whereas 0.5% were found to develop keloid secondary to ear lobe piercing. Among the 0.5% of adult female students with keloid, only 0.1% had history of keloid in their family. This result appeared to be lower than previous reports on the prevalence of keloids in Africa. Comparing the keloid prevalence in African population with the Asian population showed that Taiwan had an annual keloid incidence rate 0.15 %, while for the Europeans 0.1%. Both values are far lower than the prevalence for African populations. Conclusion: This result shows that the prevalence of keloid secondary to ear lobe piercing is not common in the University of Port Harcourt. Rivers State Nigeria compared to what is obtainable in Africa, although higher than the values for Caucasians.

Clinical studies show that nutritional intervention is effective to prevent malnutrition in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and/ or radiotherapy. The objective of the present study was to assess the value of counselling by a dietitian compared to standard nutritional care. A cross-sectional study, conducted between 2015 and 2017, compared individual dietary counselling, BMI, and nutritional status. Endpoints were weight loss, BMI and malnutrition. Only (52%) of the subjects had normal BMI. When comparing nutritional status of the subjects according to nutritional counselling provider; subjects who receive their special diet counselling for cancer from dietitians had better nutritional status than those who receive standard medical care. Therefore, early and intensive individualised dietary counselling by a dietitian produces clinically relevant effects in terms of decreasing weight loss and malnutrition compared with standard medical care in cancer patients.

In this protocol, the authors are going to illustrate all steps that should be done for all patients admitted to the hospital as a case infected with the coronavirus. The protocol helps to identify the patient who is at the risk of malnutrition. If malnutrition occurs especially in critically ill patients in the new crown (coronavirus), it will not only reduce respiratory muscle function and increase respiratory muscle weakness but also aggravate immune dysfunction and further worsen the disease. Therefore, carrying out reasonable nutrition assessment and support is important to prevent malnutrition among critically ill patients with new crowns to achieve suitable outcomes. Food safety and hygiene procedures are significant components of the overall hospital nutritional care. These practices deal with all aspects of foods receiving from farm and factory up to serving and food wastage. During the fourteen days of the recovery period, patients need isolation and regular health monitoring. The patient’s home should provide equipped for patient isolation and the patients take all necessary precautions.