Alzheimer’s Disease is the most common cause of Dementia. This is an incurable, neurodegenerative and terminal disease. Despite mortality due to communicable diseases, poverty, and human conflicts, dementia incidence is destined to increase in the developing world in tandem with the ageing population. Current data from developing countries suggest that age adjusted dementia prevalence estimates in 65 year old are high (>or=5%) in certain Asian and Latin American countries, but consistently low (1-3%) in India and sub-Saharan Africa; Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60% whereas vascular dementia accounts for approximately 30% of the prevalence. Early-onset familial forms of dementia with single-gene defects occur in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Illiteracy remains a risk factor for dementia. This review discusses the etiology, pathology, diagnosis & treatment and scenario in India.

Shrimp is one of the main export commodities in Indonesia which has the potential to have bioactive compounds. Shrimp waste contains carotenoids, one of which is astaxanthin, a red-orange xanthophyll carotenoid which has potential pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory. The purpose of this study was to test the anti-inflammatory activity of astaxanthin extract from Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp waste against the decrease in the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes in carrageenin-injected white rats. Tests carried out in this study include extraction, qualitative tests using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Salkowski test, quantitative tests using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), purification using column chromatography, and preclinical tests using edema models of white rat feet with 1% carrageenin injection and various doses of the fraction given were 50 mg / kgBW, 100 mg / kgBW and 150 mg / kgBW, positive control (celexocib 18 mg / kgBW) and a negative control (propylene glycol 1 ml). The relative values of neutrophils and lymphocytes per 100 cells were statistically analyzed using SPSS, with a repeated measure ANOVA for the parametric test and Friedman test for the non-parametric test. The results showed that Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp waste extract contained terpenoids and astaxanthin with concentrations of 0.52 mg/gr crude extract and 220.77 mg/g fraction. The results of parametric and non-parametric analysis (p> 0.05) showed that there was no significant difference between each treatment in the decrease of the relative value of neutrophils and lymphocytes, at 0, 4 and 8 hour. The relative value of neutrophils and lymphocytes was still within the normal limit, which might also indicate that fraction did not change the relative value of neutrophils and lymphocytes which can cause neutrophilia (increased neutrophils) or neutropenia (decreased neutrophils) and lymphocytopenia (decreased lymphocytes) or ..........

This study was carried out on the evaluation of yield performance and molecular diversity in F2 population of soybean genotypes using SNP markers. The aim of the study was to assess the growth performance of the F2 soybean population and to also assess the genetic diversity among the soybean genotypes based on SNP markers with a view of devising a breeding strategy for selection for further improvement. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The result showed that mean square due to genotypes were highly significant for all the characters except number of branches per plant. Genotypes and year of planting interacted significantly (P≤0.05 and P≤0.01) for plant height at flowering, plant height at harvesting, number of pods, total pod weight and seed yield. The genotypes recorded higher mean values of all the characters in the second year than the first year indicating that variation in environmental conditions influenced the performance of the genotypes. At the molecular level, SNP markers were used to assess the extent of polymorphism among the F2 populations and the markers showed remarkable genetic diversity among the soybean genotypes.

Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are encapsulated in an ecological platform has been planned to supply many benefits, and blood vessels used as laser-tissue-soldering within the brain, and during the course of the degradation, SiNPs given to the discharged into an encircling of the brain tissue. The goal of this modern research was to examine likely to the silicon dioxide nanoparticles are categorized in the microglial cells and uptake the cellular mechanism(s), and additionally these impacts on autophagy and inflammatory cytokines, and also it's been found in depth applications in medical specialty and biotechnological fields, for example, bio imaging, medical diagnostics, gene therapy, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy biomolecule detection and bio-imaging. It has also been added to the raising of the industrial mechanism to the exposure of silicon dioxide nanoparticles, throughout the manufacturing, transportation, storage, and consumers that are obviously increased used by human exposure and environmental burden. The purpose of this work was to examine the neurotoxicity of two different dosages (40 and 80 mg/kg body weight) of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) in male albino rats for 14 days by intraperitoneal exposure. The neurobehavioral and neurochemical changes were analyzed. Spontaneous motor activity, catalepsy, gait and muscle incoordination were assessed. There after the brain was removed for the examination of lipid peroxide level and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT). Our results indicated the SNPs could passed from the blood-brain-barrier into the brain, and essentially it increases the concentration of lipid peroxide levels and reduce the activity of SOD and CAT and also its reduce the behavioral activity were seen. The maximum changes were observed in rats, who received 80 mg/kg body weight doses. It can be concluded that neuronal toxicity of silica nanoparticles could be related to the amount of the particles and the oxidative stress could be ............

Pesticide exposure can occur by several routes in the same individual due to multiple uses, and there is likely to be additive toxicity in human. Cypermethrin a synthetic pyrethroid can produce a variety of acute health conditions and also carries several ecological risks. Hemoglobin is the protein that transports oxygen in the blood. Any change in heamoglobin may direct or indirect effect the human body. In this work, we report computational prediction of binding of cypermethrin pesticides on human oxyhaemoglobin [using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD)] and evaluating the computational prediction on binding of human oxyhaemoglobin with cypermethrin pesticide and evaluate the Mole Dock Score, RMSD, affinity, interacting residues of receptor human oxyhaemoglobin, number of H-bond interaction, docking score and intracting interaction of residues. The energy bound conformation with lower value of selected ligand shows hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. The binding affinity of cypermethrin pesticides is found to be -35.7414 KJ/mol, and bind with two hydrogen bonds with tyrosine 35 and serine 133. Frequent alterations in the expression of amino acid due to pesticide interaction with oxyhemoglobin may lead to produce carcinogenic cells in human beings.