Introduction: Suicide is the act of intentionally killing oneself by using various methods. Hanging is a very common method of suicide worldwide. The rate of suicide cases by hanging is increasing daily in Bangladesh. Suicide by hanging means killing oneself intentionally by suspending themselves from an anchor point by a ligature or by jumping from a height with a noose around the neck. As hanging is a simple method that does not require any complicated techniques, and the materials are also easy to come by, many choose this as their suicide method. Aim of the study: The objective of this study was to observe the demography of hanging cases, its distribution according to age group, sex, common ligature materials used by victims, observe post mortem findings and in this way, try to identify the causes and develop the preventive measures that are essential to reduce death due to hanging. Methods: This was a retrospective study done on the basis of the 3rd copies of postmortem reports preserved in the department of Forensic Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for the period of 2 years with proper permission from the autopsy surgeon. Result: 72% of the suicide victims were female, and 53% of those 361 victims were married. Most of the victims were from the age group of 21-30 years. Marital disharmony was the biggest common cause. The commonly used ligature material was Orna (dupatta). Conclusion: The number of deaths by suicide is on a rise, and to reduce this, a well-designed program is needed. This can help identify the causative factors f suicide by hanging and could help in preventing suicide cases.

Astaxanthin is a carotenoid pigment commonly found in a marine organism such as algae, salmon, and also the main pigment in shrimp shell waste. Astaxanthin possesses antioxidant activity that able to suppress oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia on β – pancreas cell. Shrimp shell waste can be utilized to produce astaxanthin to minimalize waste production. This study aims to find out the ability of shrimp shell crude extract activity in decreasing blood glucose level in rats induced diabetes. Shrimp shell was extracted using the maceration method with ethanol 70% as solvent. Thin-layer chromatography was used as semi – qualitative analysis method continued by spectrophotometry as a quantification analysis. Bioassay test was conducted using Rattus norvegicus rat conditioned with diabetes induced by Streptozotocin. Shrimp shell crude extract was given per oral every day for one month. Measurement of blood glucose level conducted using glucometer every once a week. The resulting yield extract is 0,039%. Thin-layer chromatography show 3 spot with canthaxanthin, astaxanthin monoester and β – carotene as a compound assumption. A blood glucose reduction test with a dose of 37,5 mg/kg BW show the best result. Average blood glucose level could be decreased from 429,8 mg/dL to 140,6 mg/dL.

Managing, a distal leg defect is reconstructive challenge for any plastic surgeon. With the advent of microsurgery, the work hose flap for this area shifted from cross leg to free and local perforator flaps. Children with such defects pose a bigger problem because of smaller caliber of vessels, difficult immobilization and poor compliance. We, hereby, report a case of a 12 year old child who had an exposed distal half of calcaneum, which warranted a cross leg or free flap, but was managed successfully by distally based peroneus brevis muscle.