A rapid and reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the estimation of Dronedarone in its pure form as well as in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatography was carried out on an ODS C18 column (250 x4.6 mm x 5µm length), using a composition of water (0.2% Tri Ethyl Amine):Methanol (20:80v/v) pH adjusted to 3 with Ortho Phosphoric acid as the mobile phase at a Flow Rate of 1 mL/min and the detection was done at 283 nm. The retention time of the drug was 4.707 min. The method produced linear responses in the concentration range of 20-120µg/mL of Dronedarone. The method was found to be reproducible for analysis of the drug in Tablet preparations

In the present research work sustained release matrix formulation of Meloxicam targeted to colon by using various polymers developed. Meloxicam is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor with pH-dependent solubility. To achieve pH-independent drug release of meloxicam, pH modifying agents (buffering agents) were used. Colon targeted tablets were prepared in two steps. Initially core tablets were prepared and then the tablets were coated by using different pH dependent polymers. Ethyl cellulose, Eudragit L100 and S100 were used as enteric coating polymers. The precompression blend of all formulations was subjected to various flow property tests and all the formulations were passed the tests. The tablets were coated by using polymers and the coated tablets were subjected to various evaluation techniques. The tablets were passed all the tests. Among all the formulations F3 formulation was found to be optimized as it was retarded the drug release up to 12 hours and showed maximum of 98.69% drug release. It followed zero order kinetics mechanism.

The objective is to study the prevalence of drug abuse among a sample of security guards through workplace drug testing, using a pre-employment urine drug test. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 122 security guards during their pre-employment examinations in a private health care hospital in SA during the period March to December; 2013.All participants provided urine samples which were screened for drugs. All positive screening tests were confirmed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 10.7 % of the participants had positive tests, of which 69.2% were positive for THC and the remaining were positive for amphetamine. All security guards with positive urine drug test results were males and current smokers compared to those with negative urine drug test results (84.4%, 48.6%) (P < 0.05). This study shows a high prevalence of drug urine test positive results among security guards which should be further studied using a case-control study design and a large sample size. Health education and employee assistant programs are recommended to prevent and control drug abuse among security guards.

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The present work involves Controlled release Methylphenidate Hydrochloride capsules development in order to meet the required bio-availability and its in-vitro release pattern and the preformulation studies, Physical drug excipient compatibility studies, Analytical method development, Manufacturing of capsules filled with drug loaded pellets and Evaluation procedures for pellets and capsules were studied. The size of pellets (841-1190µm) was found to be within the range of standard sieves. Bulk density of all formulations of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride pellets were found to be in the range of 0.61- 0.67 gm/ml. Tap density of all formulations of Methylphenidate pellets were found to be in the range of 0.63-0.74 gm/ml. The moisture content of all the formulations was found to be within the range of 1.52 – 1.94 %. The compressibility of all formulations was found to be within the range of 14.81-20.45. Stability studies were conducted for optimized formulation (F7) at two different storage conditions 25ºc ± 2ºC /60%RH ± 5% , 40ºC ± 2ºC /75%RH ± 5%for a period of 90 days. The formulation was found to be stable with respect to physical appearance, percentage moisture content, percentage drug content and percentage drug release. The optimized formulation has consistent release profile to provide the drug release for longer duration of 10 hours. FTIR studies have shown that there were no considerable interactions between drug and excipients. The short term stability study also indicates no change in the physical characteristic of drug content.

To develop and validate a simple& accurate Spectrophotometry methods for simultaneous estimation of Ketotifen and Salbutamol in their combined pharmaceutical dosage form. Two simple, accurate, precise U.V Spectroscopy methods have been developed. First method was based on Simultaneous Equation method. Here 301 nm was selected for the estimation of Ketotifen& 276 nm selected for estimation of Salbutamol. The second method was Dual wavelength method, Here 284 nm & 267.84 nm selected for the estimation of Ketotifen where Salbutamol show same absorbance. Other 315 nm & 284.59 nm selected for estimation of Salbutamol where Ketotifen show same absorbance. Ketotifen and Salbutamol showed linearity in the range of 5-25μg/ml and 10- 50μg/ml respectively in both methods. Both methods were validated by validation parameters and it show result where lie within its acceptance criteria as per ICH Q2 (R1) guideline. Hence, it can be successfully used for the routine analysis of Ketotifen and Salbutamolin their combined pharmaceutical dosage forms

Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid that prevents the release of substances in the body that causes inflammation. Dexamethasone is used to treat many different inflammatory conditions such as allergic disorders, breathing problems, ulcerative colitis, arthritis and skin conditions such as lupus erythematosus and psoriasis. The increased incidence of inflammatory diseases has necessitated the need to search for new topical dosage form of dexamethasone. This research was aimed to formulate, characterize and evaluate in vitro skin permeability of dexamethasone-loaded microemulsion systems as a topical delivery system of dexamethasone. Microemulsion formulations were prepared by mixing of appropriate amounts of surfactant including Tween 80 and Labrasol, cosurfactant such as Capryol 90 and oil phase including Labrafac lipophilicWL and Transcutol P (10:1). Physicochemical characterization of selected microemulsions including particle size, stability, viscosity, refractory index (RI), pH and in vitro skin permeability through rat skin using diffusion Franz cells were evaluated. The mean droplet size range of microemulsion formulation was in the range of 5.09 to 159 nm, and its refractory index (RI) and pH were 1.44 and 7, respectively. Viscosity range was 57-226 cps. Drug release profile showed that 48.18% of the drug released in 24 hours of experiment. Analysis of variance showed no significant differences between independent variables and Jss, P, Tlag and Dapp parameters of dexamethasone formulations. It can be concluded that a lower surfactant/cosurfactant ratio, improves the most permeability parameters of dexamethasone microemulsion.

The root of Pachystelabrevipes, which has some medicinal applications was investigated. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed the presence of carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, saponins, steroids/ triterpenes, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. The crude extracts showed zone of inhibition in the range, 16-19 mm (pet.ether), 20-24 mm (chloroform), 20-27 mm (ethylacetate) and 20-22 mm (methanol), against the test organism; Nettricillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli; Salmonella typhi, Shigelladysenterea, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumonia, Candida stellatoidea, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris and Streptococcus feacalis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2.5 mg/mL was recorded for the chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol fraction against the entire test organism except S. pyogenes, C. krusei, P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris. The petroleum ether fraction showed MIC of 5.0 mg/mL. The minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) determination showed that a concentration of 5-10 mg/mL of the pet.ether, chlororform, ethylacetate and methanol fraction could completely kill all the test organism except S. pyogenes, C. krusei, P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris.Zymosterol (3β-hydroxy-4β-methyl-5α-cholesta-6,22-diene-4α-carboxylic acid) was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and confirmed purely by spectral techniques.

Nimba (Azadirechta indica A. Juss, Meliaceae) has been extensively used in Ayurveda since antiquity. All five parts of Nimba (root ,bark, leaf, flower, fruit) have been used in compendia separately or collectively (Panchang) in various ailments. All parts of Nimba are predominantly bitter in taste except a scarce usable part of Nimba, known as Nimba Neera (margosa toddy / sap) which is sweet in taste and requires a special attention. Nimba Neera is a sweetishmilky liquid that spontaneously oozes from the trunk, large branches and roots of Nimba tree. Nimba Neera contains free sugars, amino acids and organic acids. It is cooling, nutrient and stimulating tonic. Its external application pacifies burning sensation, excessive heat, thirst and mental confusion. Nimba Neera is a potent blood purifier, bactericidal, antifungal and therefore it is found to be beneficial in long standing cases of leprosy, gout, fever, venereal diseases, stomachache, atonic dyspepsia and general debility. This article throws a light on Nimba Neera, its genesis, chemical composition, method of collection, preservation, its difference from resin of Nimba, classical therapeutic indications.

Iron oxide nano particles can be synthesized by various physical and chemical methods which are toxic and harmful for the environment. Ayurveda is a holistic and divine science; a modern method of synthesizing ayurvedic medicine reported for iron oxide nano particles which is cost effective and eco friendly technique. Lauha (Iron) is used extensively in Ayurvedic literature for management of various diseases like anemia, jaundice etc., as iron is very hard metal, it should be converted into bhasma (herbo metallic preparation) for medicinal use. Since 7th century BC twenty bhasmas were analyzed and widely recommended for various chronic ailments. The synthesis of iron oxide nano particles using iron filings as a precursor material, subjected to purification process to obtain the final product as Lauha bhasma. The iron oxide nano particles thus obtained were characterized by various characterization techniques like X-ray diffraction, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analysis, average particle size, atomic force microscopy.

Pharmaceutical manufacturers and importers spend millions of rupees annually on the promotion and advertisement of the pharmaceutical products and now these companies have started the use of social media for their product’s promotion and advertising. In this cross- sectional study the perception and impact of social media in Pharmaceutical Marketing has been assessed. For this purpose the data was collected from 300 marketing employees of national and multi-national pharmaceutical companies of Karachi. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. It has been observed that companies which are using social media for their marketing and promotions having more sales value as compare to the companies not using social media for Pharmaceutical Marketing and Promotions. Also there is an awareness of social media for Pharmaceutical Marketing and Promotions in pharmaceutical marketers and they believe that it can be a potent tool to maximize the market share and flourish the business Hence, it is concluded that there is an Impact of social media on pharmaceutical marketing and promotion which could be helpful to increase the sales value.

The objective of present study is to evaluate the effect of anti-allergic activity of dichloromethanolic extract and related lignans from Magnolia biondii Pamp. Dried flower buds of Magnolia biondii were collected in China, three lignans were isolated from dichloromethane extract of Magnolia biondii and identified as: Magnolin, Pinoresinol dimethyl ether, Lirioresinol-B dimethyl ether. Anti-allergic activity of dichloromethanolic extract and related lignans was investigated on histamine-induced contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum, the Schultz-Dale reaction and degranulation of rat mast cells. Histamine-induced contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with CH2Cl2 extract（ 0.2 and 0.1 mg/ml, P<0.001） , three lignans have no remarkable effect on contraction of guinea pig ileum. CH2Cl2 extract and magnolin exerted inhibitory effect on Schultz-Dale response in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pig ileum, inhibitory rate were 78.37% (0.2mg/ml) and 45.61% (1.7×10-2mg/ml) respectively. Three lignans have protective effect on rat peritoneal mast cells from degranulation, the effect of magnolin was most powerful. This study demonstrated experimentally that CH2Cl2 extract of Magnolia biondii Pamp. and related lignans, especially Magnolin possess anti-allergic activity, they may be a valid remedy for allergy

The prevalence in the use of alcohol calls for concern especially in the hands of adolescents. This study therefore sought to determine the Prevalence and Patterns of Alcohol Use among Senior Secondary School Students in Abraka, Delta state, Nigeria. This was a cross sectional study among 456 respondents drawn from 4 randomly selected mixed secondary schools in Abraka. The respondents were Senior Secondary School Students who were selected through multi-stage random sampling. Data collected were analysed with SPSS Version 20. Majority (97%) of the respondents were aged 11-20 years; 52% were males; 95% were Christians and 77% lived with both parents. Alcohol use prevalence was 55%; there were more male(35%) than female(20%) drinkers; 66% consumed beer, 86% of them consumed alcoholic wine; 45% began drinking at 11-15 years; 42% drank at ceremonies; 10% drank for pleasure; 22% drank because they feel it was a sociable thing to do; 4% and 2% respectively drink because their parents and friends also drank.71% were currently drinking; Alcoholic wines are most favoured. Alcohol drinking habit was associated with gender but not with religion and class specialization. In conclusion, alcohol use prevalence among senior secondary school students in Abraka was quite high, with most of the students initiating the habit at an early age. The prevalent socio-cultural environment and traditions appeared to be a key factor in this community. There is need, therefore, to develop viable underage preventive programmes on alcohol use for adolescents in this community