Pharmacological evaluation of extract of Lannea coromandelica(Linn) for its antiulcer activity in rodents
N. Santhi Priya, M. Santhosh Aruna, D. Eswar Tony, Rama Rao Nadendla
Sch Acad J Pharm | 217-221
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
Abstract
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Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) encompassing gastric and duodenal ulcer is the most prevalent gastro intestinal
disorder the pathophysiology of PUD involves imbalance between an offensive (acid, pepsin, H . pylori) and defensive
factors (mucin, prostaglandin, bicarbonate, nitric oxide and growth factors) an estimated 15,000 deaths occupy each year
as a consequence of PUD. In India PUD is common in the Indian pharmaceutical industry, antacid and antiulcer drugs
share 6.2 billion rupees and occupy 4.3% of the market share. Today, here are two main approaches for treating peptic
ulcer .The first deals with the production of gastric juice and the second with re-enforcing gastric mucosal protection.
The present study has been undertaken with the main objective of evaluating the extracts of Lannea coramandelica for
anti ulcer activity using albino wistar rats as experimental animal body
Alzheimer Disease: Therapeutic Targets & Recent Developments in Treatment
Nagaraja Prasad S, Jagadeesh K, Vedavathi H, Shreenivas P Revankar
Sch Acad J Pharm | 222-225
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
Abstract
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Alzheimer’s disease is characterised by progressive loss of memory which is episodic in nature. Numerous
drugs have been utilised for its treatment like cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA antagonists etc but none of them have
been effective in controlling the disease symptoms & progression. Numerous recent developments have concentrated
upon targeting the β amyloid deposition & tau protein deposition in Alzheimer’s disease. This review attempts to provide
information about the latest targets & developments in treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
The Antibacterial Effect of the Leaf Extract of Buchholzia coriacae (Capparidaceae) on Gram-Negative Nasal Isolates
Anie CO, Nwabuokei IG, Oghenejobo M, Enwa FO
Sch Acad J Pharm | 226-231
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
Abstract
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This study was aimed at determining the antibacterial effect of the leaf extract of Buchholzia coriacea
(Wonderful Kola) on nasal isolates. Nasal isolates were collected from one hundred students of the Delta State
Polytechnic, Ogwash-uku, Delta State. The antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of the leaves was assessed
against nasal isolated microorganisms (E.coli, Citrobacter species, Klebsiella species, and Proteus species) using the
agar well diffusion method. Inhibition zones and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) were used as indicators of
antimicrobial activity. The extracts inhibited the growth of the bacterial isolates in a concentration dependent manner
with MICs of 39.81mg/ml, 69.18mg/ml, 79.43mg/ml and 97.7mg/ml (E. coli, Citrobacter species, Klebsiella species and
Proteus species) respectively. Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of secondary metabolites; tannins, saponins,
cardiac glycosides, purines, reducing sugars, flavonoids, steroids, alkalloids and phlobatannins. The result indicates
promising antibacterial potential of B. coriacea leaf extracts and hence could be considered for pharmaceutical and
medicinal purposes. Characterization of the bioactive components of B. coriacea leaves could be used in the
development of drugs for the treatment of bacterial related infections.
Pharmaceutical Marketing Communication Strategies and Tools; Analysis of influence over physician’s prescribing preferences
Aisha Muhammad Arif, Kamal Ayub Quraishi
Sch Acad J Pharm | 232-239
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
Abstract
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Pharmaceutical companies adopt different marketing communication strategies and tools in order to influence
physician’s prescriptions in their favor. These communication strategies and tools play a very important role in
increasing profitability and sales revenues of the pharmaceutical companies. The present study was a multicenter,
descriptive, cross-sectional study that aimed to identify the influence of strategies and tools on physician’s prescribing
preferences. The population of the study included graduate and post graduates physicians practicing in Pakistan. Using
WHO sample size calculator, a sample size of 400 physicians was calculated that included 330 graduates (General
Practitioners) and 70 post graduates (Consultant physicians). A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the
data comprising of 17 marketing communication tools on a likert scale tested for physicians’ preferences, responses were
recorded and weightage was given. The results of the study revealed that there was significant influence of marketing
communication strategies and tools on physician’s prescribing preferences. Among these tools, most effective tools of
communication were senior doctor references (word of mouth marketing), reputation of the company, sampling, price of
the product, detail aids, seminars and scientific activities. Gifting, packaging inserts, emailing and print ads in medical
journal were found to be less important. There was a significant difference found among liking/preference of graduates
and post graduates for marketing communication strategies and tools. Importance of peer group reference and reputation
of the company was similar for both graduates and post graduates. It is important for the pharmaceutical companies to
understand the preferences of their customers and allocate their marketing budget to the most effective marketing
communication strategies and tools.
Method development and Validation for simultaneous estimation of Melatonin and Zolpidem tartrate by using RP-HPLC
Ganesh Akula, Yadagiri Talari, S.S. Phanindra, A. Jaswanth
Sch Acad J Pharm | 240-244
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
Abstract
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A simple, accurate, economic, sensitive, rapid and robust reverse phase high performance liquid
chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the estimation of melatonin and Zolpidem tartrate in pure and
tablet dosage forms. Hypersil C18 ODS column (250x4.6mm,5µ) was used with a mobile phase containing a mixture of
phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 55:45% v/v. The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 ml/min. Results were determined
at 265 nm with a fixed wave length PDA detector. The linearity for melatonin was found between 6-42 µg/ml and between 10-70
µg/ml for zolpidem tartrate. The retention times were found as 2.517 and 3.630 for melatonin and zolpidem tartrate
respectively. Validation parameters like accuracy, precision, robustness, LOD and LOQ, assay, system suitability
parameters and stability studies were determined and examined by applying validated parameters.
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia andits Management in Diabetes
Jimimol Thomas, K. Krishnakumar, L. Panayappan, K. Jayapraksah
Sch Acad J Pharm | 245-248
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
Abstract
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Atherogenic dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. The
characteristic features of diabetic dyslipidemia are a high plasma triglyceride concentration, low HDL cholesterol
concentration and increased concentration of small dense LDL-cholesterol particles. The lipid changes associated with
diabetes mellitus are attributed to increased free fatty acid flux secondary to insulin resistance. In patients treated with a
statin to LDL-cholesterol goals, the addition of ezetimibe, fenofibrate, niacin, or n-3 fatty acid ethyl esters may be
required to correct the persistent atherogenic dyslipidemia
Age Associated Mitochondrial Stress in Rat Liver, Kidney and Heart: Protective Potential of Docosahexaenoic Acid
Dharmjeet Kumar Pandey, Pintu Kumar, Devesh Kumar Joshi, Manisha Choudhary, Abhiskek Kumar Singh, Sandeep Tripathi
Sch Acad J Pharm | 249-257
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
Abstract
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Aging is a biological phenomenon concerning all living multicellular organisms. It is degenerative process
caused by accumulated damaged lipid and protein that leads to cellular dysfunction, tissue failure, and death. In the
present study, we attempt to assess the aging induced biochemical and pathological changes in old rats and protective
efficacy were tested. Twelve male Wistar rats of two age groups (12 months and 24 monts) were selected for normal
saline treated control group (n=6) and DHA treated (100 mg / kg bw) experimental groups (n=6). For biochemical
assays, lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyl (PC) and lipofuscin (LIF) and antioxidant levels ie., superoxide
dismutase, (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were investigated in
liver, kidney and heart followed by lipid profile and liver and kidney function test. Oxidative stress markers (LPO, LIF
and PC) in liver, kidney and heart different organs were significantly increased while the activities of antioxidant
enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH) in the same organs were significantly depleted. The DHA treated old rats
significantly reduces the oxidative stress markers when compared with their respective control. Cellular changes in old
control rats correlated with the deteriorated liver and kidney function test and lipid profiles. Our results suggest that
increment of the rate of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and lipofucinogenesis are well correlated with the decline in
the antioxidant status of the liver, kidney and heart. The increased lipofuscin, formed consequent to mitochondrial
residues remaining after lysosomal degradation, also exhibit regional heterogeneity and linear increment with age, while
DHA exhibited as an antioxidant and anti-aging properties
Effect of Preservative in the Physicochemical Stability of Cosmetic Products Based on Natural Resources from Costa Rican Flora
Rolando Vargas Zúñiga, German Madrigal Redondo
Sch Acad J Pharm | 258-264
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
Abstract
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A problem of rural women in Latin America is the poor access to economic resources; a solution we propose
is to implement a collaborative model, where are used natural resources in the area for production of value added
products such as cosmetics products, to improve their living conditions. Objective: This paper concerns the evaluation of
the physicochemical stability of hair cosmetics based on natural resources of the Costa Rican flora. Methodology:
cosmetic products were developed based on Carica papaya, Ananascomosus, and others from the area, equally
developed stability testing at 25 ° C and 40 ° C for six months following the guidelines of ANVISA, and quality control
which were adapted for reproduction on the production site. Results: Formulations designed contain at least 80% of
natural excipients, but preservatives exclude parabens derivatives or other similar substances, also were quantified their
physicochemical properties such as viscosity, specific gravity and pH, in different storage conditions during the time of
the present study. Using ANOVA, was analyzed the data. Conclusions: the study revealed that the formulations are stable
for at least one year under the conditions of no more than 30°C and protected from light packaging, and achieved the
respective health registry that allowed the marketing of the product