Nanotechnology is the science that deals with the process that occurs at molecular level and of nano length scale size. Nano refers to the particle size range of 1-1000 nm. Nanosuspensions are coming under nanotechnology. A pharmaceutical Nanosuspension is defined as very finely colloid, biphasic, dispersed solid drug particles in an aqueous vehicle, size below 1 μm stabilized by surfactants and polymers prepared by suitable methods for drug delivery applications. It provides efficient delivery of hydrophobic drugs and increases the bioavailability. Nanosuspension is an attractive and promising technology to improve poor solubility and bioavailability of the drugs. This review article describes the methods of preparation, and applications of nanosuspensions in the field of pharmaceutical sciences.

Herbal medicine is the oldest form of medicine known to mankind. It was the mainstay of many early civilizations and still the most widely practiced form of medicine in the world today. Plants generally produce many secondary metabolites which are bio-synthetically derived from primary metabolites and constitute an important source of many pharmaceutical drugs. This paper represented the second part of our previous review to highlight the anticancer effects of the medicinal plants as a source of pharmaceutical research and therapeutic uses.

Aldose reductase enzyme plays an important role in diabetic complications such as cataracts. The purpose of this study was to look into plant extract used for the treatment of diabetes, and their principal fraction for Aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory activity and to find out their influence in diabetic complications. Thus, ethanolic extracts of Raphanus sativus L. and their respective its organic solvent soluble fractions, including the ethyl acetate (EtOAc), nbutanol (BuOH) and water layers, using DL-glyceraldehyde as a substrate, were studied for their inhibitory activity against rat lens AR, rat kidney AR. In addition, in vivo inhibition of lens galactitol accumulation by the major soluble fraction of the plant extract in galactose-fed rat model has been studied. The results shows that all the tested soluble fraction of extracts possess significant AR inhibitory actions in both in vitro and in vivo assays with n-butanol showing the most the most potent effect. The results obtained in this study give a new dimension to the hitherto unknown activity of the plants as possible protective agents against long-term diabetic complications

Increasing patient population and refunds for hospital based health services lead over admissions to hospitals and emergency departments (ED). Increased patient ED admissions thus increased time-spend in ED and over-crowded ED, raised importance of differentiating more critical patients in ED’s. The files of patients with different types of complains that consult to emergency service and then transferred and treated in intensive care units of Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and İnvestigating Hospital in between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2011 are investigated retrospectively. 380 patients whose planned datas are attained are included in this study. The waiting time in emergency services to be transferred to intensive care units is evaluated to be able to show the mortality rates of intensive care units. The time between admission and transfer to intensive care unit is significantly higher for the patients that die (1,3 ± 356,5 min, 6 hr approximately) than the patients survive (237,8 ± 263,9 min, 4hr approximately). Correlatively the age of paitents that die is also significantly higher (61,5± 19,6) then the patients survive (43,0 ± 22,4) as established in this study. When the waiting time between the admission to ED and transfer to the intensive care unit is higher than 351 minute(5 hour and 51 minute), it leads to the high possibility of patient mortality. Briefly this study conclude that; the patient mortality significantly decreases when the patients’ transfer to intensive care units is done in a short time without any delay.

The present investigation was undertaken to appraise the antibacterial activity of the leaves of the Gynocardia odorata plant. The study covered the various macroscopic and microscopic behaviors of the proposed leaves. The phytochemical analysis gave valuable information about the different valuable phytoconstituent present in the various extract. The results of the pharmacological activity show that the methanolic extract of the leaves having good antibacterial activity.

The purpose of this research was to develop sustained release mucoadhesive films of atenolol by using Hibiscus esculentus polymer & hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose. Various proportions and combinations were fabricated by using solvent casting technique. Various physico mechanical parameters like Physical appearance and surface texture, Drug content uniformity, Surface pH, Weight uniformity, Thickness uniformity, Folding endurance, In vitro drug release, Swelling Index, Mucoadhesive strength were evaluated. In-vitro residence time and Mucoadhesive strength of films was also performed using porcine buccal mucosa. All prepared formulations indicated good physical stability. The possible drug polymer interactions were studied by FTIR studies. The oral route is most popular route for the administration of therapeutic agents because of the low cost of therapy and ease of administration lead to high levels of patient compliance. An ideal film should have the properties like pleasant taste, high stability, ease of handling and administration, no water necessary for application.

In a previous review, we mentioned that there were many plants possessed anti-inflammatory antipyretic and analgesic effects, these included Achillea santolina, Althaea officinalis, Adiantum capillus-veneris, Alhagi maurorum, Ailanthus altissima, Allium cepa, Alpinia galanga, Ammannia baccifera, Ammi majus, Anchusa italica, Andrachne aspera, Anethum graveolens, Anthemis nobelis, Apium graveolens, Arachis hypogaea, Arctium lappa, Aristolochia maurorum, Asclepias curassavica, Asparagus officinalis, Astragalus hamosus, Avena sativa, Bacopa monnieri, Bauhinia variegata, Bellis perennis, Benincasa hispida, Betula alba, Bidens tripartita, Brassica nigra, Brassica rapa, Bryonia dioica, Bryophyllum calycinum, Caesalpinia crista, Calendula officinalis, Calotropis procera, Canna indica, Capparis spinosa, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, Carthamus tinctorius, Carum carvi, Cassia occidentalis, Centaurea cyanus and Chenopodium album. This review was designed as a second part of the previous one to cover the medicinal plants possessed anti-inflammatory antipyretic and analgesic effects.

In our previous paper, we reviewed the reproductive effects of many medicinal plants included Achillea santolina, Ailanthus altissima, Alhagi maurorum, Allium cepa, Althaea rosea, Ammannia baccifera, Anthemis nobelis, Anethum graveolens, Arachis hypogaea, Arctium lappa, Asclepias curassavica, Asplenium trichomanes, Avena sativa, Bacopa monniera, Bryophyllum calycinum, Caesalpinia crista, Calendula officinalis, Calotropis procera, Carum carvi, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Carthamus tinctorius , Chenopodium album and Date palm. This review represented a second part of medicinal plants affected the functions of reproductive systems in males and females.