This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Commiphora molmol (Myrrh) extracts on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii from Iraqi hospital isolates. The chloroform, methanol and water extracts of C. molmol were tested against the five clinical microbial strains. Gel diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were used in this study. Also Phytochemical analysis of most biological active extract was determined by general phytochemical screening and GCMS, The findings indicated that C. molmol methanol and chloroform extracts had growth inhibitory effect against tested bacteria. Methanolic extract of C. molmol exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on all tested microorganisms, MIC of methanolic extract was 3.12mg/mL for each of E.coli, K.pneumoniae and P.aeruginosa, 12.5mg/mL for A.baumannii and 6.25mg/mL for S.aureus. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids. GC MS investigation of C. molmol methanol extract showed the different peaks of the different constitutes with highest intensity that recorded β-elemene (classified as sesquiterpenes) with retention time 10.82 and other sesquiterpenes constitutes showing that the resin is rich in sesqiuterpenes that possess the antibacterial activity.

Emergency contraception refers to a method that women can use to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse, method failure or incorrect use. Unwanted pregnancy followed by unsafe abortion can be avoided by using different contraceptive methods including emergency contraceptives (EC). The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of emergency contraceptive use among graduating female students of College of Health and Medical Sciences (CHMS), Haramaya University (HU). Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from Apr 1-Apr, 30, 2015. The calculated sample size of 130 was evenly stratified to each department graduating female students. Simple random sampling was then employed to collect data from each stratum using self administered questionnaire. One hundred twenty five (95.38%) have heard of EC. The common sources of information were teachers in class 50 (40.32%), health institutions 45 (36.3%) and mass media 15 (12.09%). Coming to the attitude of the respondents towards ECs, 78 (62.9%) agreed and 31(25.0%) strongly agreed that ECs prevent unwanted pregnancy after unprotected sex .Fifty five (42.31%) agreed to use EC in the future. Regarding the actual practice, from 59 students who had sexual intercourse, only 36(61%) used oral post coital pills. The awareness of the students towards ECs was found to be appreciable. However, as health and medical science college students, the practice of EC was not as such promising. Therefore, there is a need to educate students about utilization of EC, with emphasis on available methods and correct timing of use. There should be promotion of EC to enhance their use and making them easily accessible in hospital, pharmacies and student clinics.

Studies on amino acid composition and antioxidant activities of collagen Polypeptides from the Holothuria nobilis Selenka were carried out in this paper. Results revealed that collagen polypeptides mainly contains glycine(Gly), alanine(Ala), glutamate (Glu), proline (Pro) and hydroxyproline (Hyp) with high medicinal values and good tasting. The rate of delicious amino acid, pharmacodynamics amino acid and essential amino acid in the total collagen polypeptide were accounted for 65.1%, 58.08% and 24.96% with IC50 value of 5.78 mg/ml, 4.20mg/ml and 0.27mg/ml in the antioxidant free-radical tests, respectively.

The present study was designed to determine the hepato protective activity of well known agents Zinc Sulfate & aqueous extract of Curcuma domestica in experimental model of acute liver injury induced by carbon tetra chloride. The normal levels of serum hepatic enzymes of AST, ALP, ALT and TSB&TSP, were determined in 28 healthy domestic Rabbits allocated to four groups before CCL4 administration & at two occasions in 24, 120 hr after ALI induction by CCL4 and treatment with one of the following ether Zinc Sulfate or the aqueous extract of curcoma domestica for five successive days. Results revealed a significant reduction of AST, ALP, ALT, TSB, levels with a significant elevation of the TSP level of both tested agents measured in 120 hr compared with the control & their levels in 24 hr after inducation. Both tested agents Proved in having hepatoprotective activity when they were given orally in a dose of 20 mg / kg for zinc sulfate and 1gm/kg for Curcuma domestica. The histopathlogical sections of the liver tissue support the real action of both agents on ALI in Rabbits.