The Pistia stratiotes, called as water lettuce or water cabbage belonging to the family Araceae. The leaves of Pistia stratiotes contain alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids and phytosterols. The aim of the study is to investigate the hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. Male Wistar albino rats overdosed with paracetamol showed liver damage as specified by increased serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilrubin and decreased activities of total protein compared with the control group. Administration of silymarin and ethanolic root extract of Pistia stratiotes (200mg/kg) with paracetamol reversed the elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilrubin and restored the decreased total protein level. The effect produced by the leaf extract of Pistia stratiotes was comparable with that of silymarin. From the result it was concluded that, the ethanolic leaf extract of Pistia stratiotes exhibited hepatoprotective and the probable mechanism of action may be due to the presence of flavonoids.

Breast cancer is a principal cause of cancer related deaths in women worldwide including Nigeria. Excellent knowledge and awareness of breast cancer will help to reduce the number of women who present at late stages of the disease when little or no benefit can be obtained from any form of treatment. This study assessed knowledge and awareness of breast cancer among university students in south-south, Nigeria. This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from September 2014 to December 2014 among a convenience sample of 774 male and female students at two purposively selected universities in south-south Nigeria. A structured and pretested questionnaire with a reliability of 0.72 Cronbach’s alpha which was self-administered was used for data collection. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Level of significance was set 95%. 800 questionnaires were administered and 774 were completed and returned giving a response rate of 97%. There were a higher percentage of females (62.3%) than males (37.7%). All respondents (100%) had heard of breast cancer with radio (52.9%) and television (47.3%) respectively as the major sources of information. Level of knowledge and awareness of risk factors for respondents from Delta State University and University of Port Harcourt was poor (51.2%, 49.8%) respectively. For both universities, respondents had excellent knowledge and awareness of breast cancer symptoms (75.5%, 72.7% respectively); breast cancer prevention and treatment (89.2%, 87.8%) respectively; and breast cancer detection methods (94.0%, 93.5%) respectively

Topical anesthetics are frequently used to reduce the pain of the needle insertion administration of topical anesthesia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of topical anesthetics on pain during needle insertion of maxillary infiltration anesthesia. The studies searched in seven databases (PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science, Science direct, Cochran library, IranMedex, Google scholar and Scopus) before the summer of 2016 for English-language publications. The criteria were identified for selecting of studies in meta-analysis. The quality of studies was checked based on the Jadad score. The random-effects model was used to estimate weighted mean differences with 95% CI. Out of 14 studies in the systematic review, three studies just have high quality and eight articles reported the mean value and standard deviation of the pain and therefore, these eight articles were included in the meta-analysis. The subgroup analyses were done by type of group (benzocaine or lidocaine), time-effect (2, 3, 4, 5, and 20 min), the kind of using material (patch or non-patch) and injection area (anterior labial and posterior buccal). The pain was significantly lower in benzocaine group, lidocaine group, benzocaine group in anterior labial injection, benzocaine/patch group and the 5 min group compared with their front groups. Begg’s and Egger’s tests did reveal a significant evidence of publication bias among the included studies.

A simple, Accurate, precise method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of the Miconazole and Clindamycin in Tablet dosage form by RP-HPLC. Chromatogram was run through kromasil 150mm x 4.6 mm, 5. Mobile phase containing Buffer and Acetonitrile taken in the ratio 20:80 was pumped through column at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Buffer used in this method was 0.01N KH2PO4solution. Temperature was maintained at 30°C. Optimized wavelength for Miconazole and Clindamycin was 210nm. Retention time of Miconazole and Clindamycin were found to be 2.076min and 2.795min. % RSD of the Miconazole and Clindamycin were and found to be 0.99 and 1.05 respectively. Percentage assay was obtained as 100.23% and 99.25% for Miconazole and Clindamycin respectively. LOD, LOQ values are obtained from regression equations of Miconazole and Clindamycin were 1.42ppm, 0.60ppm and 4.31pm, 1.82ppm respectively. Regression equation of Miconazole is y = 19688x + 25044, and y = 18253x + 2735.5 of Clindamycin.

The objective of gift work is to formulate nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor loaded microparticle by counterion elicited aggregation methodology. Chitosan was chosen as polycation and smaller molecular electrolytes like sodium citrate, sodium sulphate and sodium orthophosphate were chosen as polyanions. The resulted aggregate microparticles were subjected to surface morphology, size distribution, in-vitro unharness and drug excipient interaction study. Sodium citrate (SC), sodium sulphate (SS) and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) were able to kind aggregates, as chitosan forms complexes and depends on pH and pKa of medium. The share of entrapped drug was additional in SC primarily based microparticle as compared to SS. The SS and SC microparticles had average particle size of three hundred metric linear units and 550 µm severally. Also, the SEM study unconcealed additional rough and ridges on surface of SC particle as compared to SS. the upper correlation coefficient (r2) was found with Higuchi’s equation for all formulations and formulation SC3 had bigger r2 worth of 0.986 compared to any or all and obeyed fickian diffusion. There was no such major interaction were found throughout FTIR and DSC study. Additionally, stability study was performed and information showed no important amendment in assay worth for SC3. The microparticles ready by above mentioned methodology had comfortable mechanical strength and were able to discharged drug for a amount of fifteen h. moreover in-vivo study and pharmacokinetic study ought to do.