To determine various phytoconstituents present in flowers of Punic granatum. Qualitative phytochemical analysis and fluorescence analysis was done by standard methods. The Phytochemical tests were carried out on the extracts using standard procedures to identify the constituents. The preliminary Phytochemical tests of methanolic flowers extract of P. granatum (L.) were screened for the presence of active principles such as carbohydrates, glycosides, fatty acids, protein and amino acids, saponins, tannins, phenolic compounds, β-sitosterols, triterpenoids, anthocyanins and flavonoids using standard procedures. The result of fluorescence analysis showed that in visible light, the plant powder exhibit various shades of green and brown fluorescence and various shades of green, blue and brown were found in under UV light. The results of the present study suggest that flowers have various phytoconstituents that can act as a source of natural antioxidants and can be used for the development of plant based drugs.

Sleep is a complex neurological state, with its primary function of providing rest and restoring the body’s energy levels. Normal human sleep is divided into non– rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and the alteration between NREM and REM occurs about 4-5 times during a night of normal sleep. Human NREM sleep could be classified into four stages, namely, stage I, II, III and IV, representing successively deeper stages of sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, muscle atonia and desynchronized EEG. Alterations in the quality, quantity and pattern of sleep result in sleep disorders. Though there are more than 100 identified sleep/wake disorders, most sleep complaints can be categorised into five, namely, hypersomnia, insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, parasomnias and sleep disorders associated with mental, neurological and other medical disorders. Sleepiness during waking hours results from volitional or forced sleep deprivation during previous nights due to social, economic and environmental reasons. Daytime sleepiness, sleep deprivation, and irregular sleep schedules are highly prevalent among college students, as 50% report daytime sleepiness and 70% attain insufficient sleep. Sleep disorders diagnosed based on history and polysomnography findings.

Topical drug delivery system (TDDS) facilitates the passage of therapeutic quantities of drug substance through the skin and into the general circulation for their systemic effects. Although having plenty of advantages over other routes of administration topical drug delivery system is having certain limitations including hydrophilic drugs cannot easily penetrate across skin, to overcome this problem drug made into sufficient lipophilic or lipophilic drugs are sued along with certain penetration enhancers which help to achieve desired results. Tramadol is a narcotic analgesic proposed for moderate to severe pain. It may be habituating. Tramadol and its metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine with observed plasma half-lives of 6.3 and 7.4 hours for tramadol and M1, respectively. Approximately 30% of the dose is excreted in the urine as unchanged drug, whereas 60% of the dose is excreted as metabolites. On this contest, emulgel was formulated using carbopol 934 and HPMC K15M, liquid paraffin as oil phase, emulsifying agents like tween 20 and span 20 and propylene glycol as permeation enhancers.

The analytical method has been developed to evaluate the efficacy of the cleaning procedure of all the equipment involved in the production of final active ingredients. The choice of the methodology is based upon the production method and on the intrinsic properties of the products. For this validation HPLC method has been chosen. The HPLC chromatographic separations were achieved on (100×4.6 mm), 3.5µm, column make: Phenomenex, employing acetonitrile and 0.4% orthophosphoric acid aqueous solution in the ratio of 35:65 as mobile phase with flow rate 0.7 mL/min was chosen. The column temperature was maintained at 30oC and a detector wavelength of 220 nm was employed. The method was successfully validated by establishing System Suitability, Specificity, Linearity, Accuracy, Limit of Detection and Limit of quantification for Ziprasidone HCl, Perindopril Erbumine, Venlafaxine HCl and Imiquimod.

Synedrella nodiflora (L) Gaertn, commonly known as Pig grass, Cinderella weed, node weed is a species of flowering plant in the family of Asteraceae. It is a medicinal plant mostly used in the herbal medicine to cure leprosy, swelling, constipation, dysentery and diarrhea. Ethanol leaves extract of Synedrella nodiflora were investigated on in-vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and laxatives activities in albino rats and were compared with the standard drugs Ascorbic acid(100mg/kg), Ciprofloxacin(40mg/kg) and Ducox(300mg/kg) respectively. The extract were administered based on high and low doses, 2000,1000,500,250,125 and 62.5mg/ml. Different models such as DPPH radical scavenging activity, Nitric oxide scavenging activity and Anti-lipid peroxidation activity were used to determine antioxidant activity. Healthy adult wistar albino rats of both sex weighing 150-200g was used to determine laxative effect of the ethanol leaves extract, for the antimicrobial activity, clinical strains of microorganism used for the study includes: E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomona aeruginose, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typi and Klebsiella pneumonia. The agar disc diffusion method was used and zone of inhibition recorded also minimum inhibitory concentration was determined.

AmBisome [Injection] is a non-pyrogenic lyophilized product for intravenous infusion and each vial contains amphotericin B [50 mg], intercalated into a liposomal membrane. The safety of Ambisome as prophylactic antifungal has been assessed in bone marrow transplant recepients, liver transplant recepients, renal transplant recepients and combined organ trans plant recepients. AmBisome was discontinued due to side-effects in 3% of the cases. In the current study involving small bowel transplant [SBT] patients it can be noted that all SBT patients tolerated the amBisome test dose well. However when intravenous infusion of amBisome was administered especially in neutropenic patients, it was noted that 3 patients (11%) developed a severe drug reaction and the drug had to be discontinued. The small bowel transplant patients in whom ambisome was discontinued there was a drug reaction which can be considered as a cumulative dose related reaction. It can be concluded that Ambisome is generally a safe drug for antifungal prophylaxis in small bowel transplant patients. The use of ambisome in neutropenic patients may amplify the cumulative dose reaction and may contribute to the picture that we have seen.