Original Research Article
Sept. 30, 2018
The Pharmacognostic Standardization, Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacological Potential of Citrus maxima- an Overview
Mehak Jain, PN Raju
Sch Acad J Pharm | 402-406
DOI : 10.21276/sajp.2018.7.9.1
Abstract
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Citrus maxima plant is a medicinal plant belongs to the family Rutaceae. A
genus of Citrus (Linn) of Rutaceae an evergreen aromatic shrub and small trees occupies
an important place in the medicine and also in the fruit economy of India. Citrus maxima
are a native plant of Malayu Island and East of India. It is wide spread in China, Japan,
Philipines, Indonesia, USA and Thailand. It has been used as a source of medicine to
treat different disease and ailments including epilepsy, chorea and convulsive coughing
chronic dysentery, blood complaints ulcer, headache, cancer. Extensive research works
have been carried out on the chemical constituent, biological and pharmacological
activities of the Citrus maxima. The Pharmacognostic study shows that those leaves are
the compound type, 5-20 cm length, shape: lanceolate, apex: acute and having the entire
margin. Stomata present in the leaf are the anomocytic type of stomata. These
pharmacological activities mainly due to the presence of coumarin, flavanoids,
phytosterol, phenol, tannins, triterpenes and anthraquinones.
Review on Transdermal Drug Delivery System: Novel Approches
Ashwini Jadhav, Shubhangi Vidhate, Akshay More, Nikhil Bhujbal, Sandip Kshirsagar
Sch Acad J Pharm | 407-413
DOI : 10.21276/sajp.2018.7.9.2
Abstract
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Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) is one of the novel drug delivery systems
coming under the category of controlled drug delivery, in which the aim is to deliver the drug
through the skin in a predetermined and controlled rate. Conventional dosage forms have
significant drawbacks of poor bioavailability and repeated dosing due to hepatic first pass
metabolism. Transdermal delivery has many advantages over conventional drug delivery, it
avoids hepatic first pass metabolism, potentially decreases side effects and improves patient
compliance. This review gives the idea about anatomy physiology of skin, component of
TDDS, advantages and disadvantages, and evaluation test for TDDS. The present drug delivery
is highly significant if compared to oral route for less side effect, better bioavailability and
longer duration of action. Due to good nature of skin is the greatest challenge that has to be
overcome for successfully delivery of the drug molecules to the systemic circulation via this
route. This article gives the information of recent trends in the area of TDDS to increase the
release pattern of drug and related things which is beneficial for patient.
Original Research Article
Sept. 30, 2018
Validated HPLC Theophylline Assay Method for Cleaning Validation on an Automatic Packaging Machine
Tadakazu Tokumura, Kyoko Nishio, Takuro Kurita
Sch Acad J Pharm | 414-416
DOI : 10.21276/sajp.2018.7.9.3
Abstract
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Automatic packaging machines are used for preparing one-dose packages with
powders, granules, tablets and capsules in pharmacies in Japan. The packaging machines
are not dedicated to an individual patient, which leads to contamination of the packaging
for the next patient. Cleaning validation for pharmaceutical manufacturing plants is
therefore considered essential for packaging machines. The purpose of the present study
was to develop and validate an HPLC method for assaying theophylline (TEO) for use as
TEO cleaning validation on an automatic packaging machine. A chromatographic system
comprising a YMC AM12S05-1506WT column, mobile phase of
CH3CN:H2O:HClO4:NaClO4=100:900:1:5 (V/V/V/W), flow rate of 1 mL/min, and UV
detector set at 271 nm was used. The TEO retention time was approximately 6.8 min.
Regression analysis found that the method was linear over the standard curve range from
0.024 to 120 μg/mL. Inter-day precision and accuracy ranged between 0.20 and 6.59%,
and -7.18 and 0.93%, respectively. The precision and accuracy values were under 10%
and inside a range of -10% to 10%. Therefore, the lower limit of quantification was
inferred to be 0.024 μg/mL. A swabbing procedure using non-woven fabric swabs
containing ethanol for disinfection was validated. Mean recoveries from a stainless steel
tray and a plastic tray were 102.4 ± 2.2% (mean ± SD, n=3) and 102.5 ± 1.5%,
respectively.
Original Research Article
Sept. 30, 2018
Detection and Estimation of Phenolic Acid and Flavonods in Leaves of Cadaba indica Lam by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography
Thirumalai V, Nirmala P, Venkatanarayanan R
Sch Acad J Pharm | 417-424
DOI : 10.21276/sajp.2018.7.9.4
Abstract
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Cadaba indica Lam. is one of the medicinal plants used in Indian traditional
systems of medicine for the treatment of various diseases of mankind. The present study
mainly aimed to estimate the content of major constituent flavonoid present in various
extracts of leaves of Cadaba indica collected from Tamilnadu. HPTLC method was
adopted for determining the content of the active constituent present in the various
extracts using marker compound Quercetin, rutin and gallic acid. The HPTLC method
was performed using HPTLC aluminium sheets precoated with silica gel 60 GF254 as
stationary phase and mobile phase as toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid: methanol
(3:6:1.6:0.4). The developed chromatogram was scanned at 254 nm using Camag scanner
III. The chromatogram obtained and the peak profile of the components collected by
scanning could made up the fingerprint of the various extracts of Cadaba indica leaves
compared with antioxidants markers of flavonoids and phenolic acids. HPTLC finger
print analysis showed that the presence of rutin, quercetin and gallic acid which may
responsible for the anti-oxidant activity mentioned. This method is appropriate to
determine the percentage of flavonoids and phenolic acids in various extracts of leaves of
Cadaba indica.
Original Research Article
Sept. 30, 2018
GC Determination of Docosahexaenoıc Acid, Eıcosapentaenoic Acid and Other Fatty Acids in food Supplements by Percentage Method
Stefka Achkova Ivanova, Dobrına Doncheva Tsvetkova, Danka Petrova Obreshkova
Sch Acad J Pharm | 425-433
DOI : 10.21276/sajp.2018.7.9.5
Abstract
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The aim of current study was the application of GC method for separation of
Docosahexaenoic acid and Eicosahexaenoic acid from other fatty acids in food
supplements and their further determination by percentage method. This method for
quantitative analysis is based on the measuring of the area of all peaks in the
chromatogram of the hydrolyzed and methylated samples and calculation of their sum,
whereby the area of each peak is calculated as a percentage of the total area of the
chromatographic peaks. After hydrolysis of fatty acid esters, the free forms were
preesterificated with methanol solution of 14 % boron trifluoridе. For separation of
Docosahexaenoic acid and Eicosahexaenoic acid from other fatty acids was applied GC
method: flow rate of carrier gas: hydrogen: 45 ml/min., inlet pressure: 15 Psi, temperature
programm: 140 C for 5 min, increasing the temperature to 240 C at a rate of 4 C/min,
240 C for 20 min, increasing the temperature to 280 C at a rate of 6 C/min and 280 C
for 10 min. The suitability of the system was confirmed by the lack of a statistically
significant difference between the values of the chromatographic parameter retention time
in the analysis of Methylmyristate (SD = 0.185, RSD = 1.22 %),