Citrus maxima plant is a medicinal plant belongs to the family Rutaceae. A genus of Citrus (Linn) of Rutaceae an evergreen aromatic shrub and small trees occupies an important place in the medicine and also in the fruit economy of India. Citrus maxima are a native plant of Malayu Island and East of India. It is wide spread in China, Japan, Philipines, Indonesia, USA and Thailand. It has been used as a source of medicine to treat different disease and ailments including epilepsy, chorea and convulsive coughing chronic dysentery, blood complaints ulcer, headache, cancer. Extensive research works have been carried out on the chemical constituent, biological and pharmacological activities of the Citrus maxima. The Pharmacognostic study shows that those leaves are the compound type, 5-20 cm length, shape: lanceolate, apex: acute and having the entire margin. Stomata present in the leaf are the anomocytic type of stomata. These pharmacological activities mainly due to the presence of coumarin, flavanoids, phytosterol, phenol, tannins, triterpenes and anthraquinones.

Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) is one of the novel drug delivery systems coming under the category of controlled drug delivery, in which the aim is to deliver the drug through the skin in a predetermined and controlled rate. Conventional dosage forms have significant drawbacks of poor bioavailability and repeated dosing due to hepatic first pass metabolism. Transdermal delivery has many advantages over conventional drug delivery, it avoids hepatic first pass metabolism, potentially decreases side effects and improves patient compliance. This review gives the idea about anatomy physiology of skin, component of TDDS, advantages and disadvantages, and evaluation test for TDDS. The present drug delivery is highly significant if compared to oral route for less side effect, better bioavailability and longer duration of action. Due to good nature of skin is the greatest challenge that has to be overcome for successfully delivery of the drug molecules to the systemic circulation via this route. This article gives the information of recent trends in the area of TDDS to increase the release pattern of drug and related things which is beneficial for patient.

Automatic packaging machines are used for preparing one-dose packages with powders, granules, tablets and capsules in pharmacies in Japan. The packaging machines are not dedicated to an individual patient, which leads to contamination of the packaging for the next patient. Cleaning validation for pharmaceutical manufacturing plants is therefore considered essential for packaging machines. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate an HPLC method for assaying theophylline (TEO) for use as TEO cleaning validation on an automatic packaging machine. A chromatographic system comprising a YMC AM12S05-1506WT column, mobile phase of CH3CN:H2O:HClO4:NaClO4=100:900:1:5 (V/V/V/W), flow rate of 1 mL/min, and UV detector set at 271 nm was used. The TEO retention time was approximately 6.8 min. Regression analysis found that the method was linear over the standard curve range from 0.024 to 120 μg/mL. Inter-day precision and accuracy ranged between 0.20 and 6.59%, and -7.18 and 0.93%, respectively. The precision and accuracy values were under 10% and inside a range of -10% to 10%. Therefore, the lower limit of quantification was inferred to be 0.024 μg/mL. A swabbing procedure using non-woven fabric swabs containing ethanol for disinfection was validated. Mean recoveries from a stainless steel tray and a plastic tray were 102.4 ± 2.2% (mean ± SD, n=3) and 102.5 ± 1.5%, respectively.

Cadaba indica Lam. is one of the medicinal plants used in Indian traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of various diseases of mankind. The present study mainly aimed to estimate the content of major constituent flavonoid present in various extracts of leaves of Cadaba indica collected from Tamilnadu. HPTLC method was adopted for determining the content of the active constituent present in the various extracts using marker compound Quercetin, rutin and gallic acid. The HPTLC method was performed using HPTLC aluminium sheets precoated with silica gel 60 GF254 as stationary phase and mobile phase as toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid: methanol (3:6:1.6:0.4). The developed chromatogram was scanned at 254 nm using Camag scanner III. The chromatogram obtained and the peak profile of the components collected by scanning could made up the fingerprint of the various extracts of Cadaba indica leaves compared with antioxidants markers of flavonoids and phenolic acids. HPTLC finger print analysis showed that the presence of rutin, quercetin and gallic acid which may responsible for the anti-oxidant activity mentioned. This method is appropriate to determine the percentage of flavonoids and phenolic acids in various extracts of leaves of Cadaba indica.

The aim of current study was the application of GC method for separation of Docosahexaenoic acid and Eicosahexaenoic acid from other fatty acids in food supplements and their further determination by percentage method. This method for quantitative analysis is based on the measuring of the area of all peaks in the chromatogram of the hydrolyzed and methylated samples and calculation of their sum, whereby the area of each peak is calculated as a percentage of the total area of the chromatographic peaks. After hydrolysis of fatty acid esters, the free forms were preesterificated with methanol solution of 14 % boron trifluoridе. For separation of Docosahexaenoic acid and Eicosahexaenoic acid from other fatty acids was applied GC method: flow rate of carrier gas: hydrogen: 45 ml/min., inlet pressure: 15 Psi, temperature programm: 140 C for 5 min, increasing the temperature to 240 C at a rate of 4 C/min, 240 C for 20 min, increasing the temperature to 280 C at a rate of 6 C/min and 280 C for 10 min. The suitability of the system was confirmed by the lack of a statistically significant difference between the values of the chromatographic parameter retention time in the analysis of Methylmyristate (SD = 0.185, RSD = 1.22 %),