Coronaviruses are zoonotic, meaning they are transmitted between animals and people. It is a group of highly diverse single stranded RNA virus. Corona included fever fatigue cough cold Coronaviruses (CoV) are immeasurable family of viruses that cause sickness ranging from the common cold to more severe viruses such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). 2-14 days represents the current official estimated range for the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak a pandemic and a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).

The purpose of this review is to explore the difficulties in penetration of drug across nail plate & enhancement of bioavailability of antifungal drug. The existing clinical evidence suggests that a key to successful treatment of fungal diseases by topical antifungal product lies in ineffectively overcoming the nail barrier. Nails drug delivery system ( NDDS) is an important delivery system in mammals, during which their nails are highly suffering from the fungal diseases. This review is to explore the difficulties in penetration of drug across nail plate & enhancement of bioavailability of antifungal drug. NDDS is that the present topical treatments against the fungal infections by topical antifungal product lies in ineffectively overcoming the nail barrier .The clinical evidence suggests that a key to successful treatment of fungal diseases. The absorption of medicine into the nail unit, following topical application to the nail plate, is very desirable to treat nail disorders, like onychomycosis (fungal infections of the nail). Nail permeability is however quite low and limits topical therapy to early/mild disease states. The factors, which affect drug uptake and permeation through the nail plate like solute molecular size, hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity, charge, and thus the character of the vehicle, are then discussed, followed by ways of enhancing drug transport into and thru the nail plate. Finally, drug-containing nail lacquers which, like cosmetic varnish, are brushed onto the nail plates to form a movie and from which drug is released and penetrates into the nail, recent advances and marketed products are reviewed.

The study examines the effects of Vitamin C on malaria parasitamae and the biochemical parameters which is an indicative of the liver function. Twenty wistar Albino rats were by average weight of 100 – 250g divided into 5 groups, Groups 1) served as normal control(NC), group 2 as experimental groups (PC), (Group 3 & 4 ) served as Vitamin C and group 5 served as Artesunate control. All the groups were inoculated with a chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei NK-65 following the administration of vitamin C and artesunate drugs. The Animals were treated for 4 days after 24 hours, post infection with P. berghei. Parasitemia levels were assessed by examining Giemsa-stained thin blood smears from each animal via an optical microscope on days 4 and 7. Blood samples collected from the animals via cardiac puncture with the aid of a capillary tube, was allowed to clot for 45 min at room temperature. Serum was separated by centrifugation at 6,000rpm for 15 min and analyzed for liver function parameters. There was a significant suppression (P<0.05) in total parasite count (205.00 & 137.00 and 242.25 & 157.00) on days 4 and 7 when compared with the other controls (300.75 & 403.25), as well as a reduction in liver function parameters with Vitamin C at 15mg & 7.5mg. This study however shows that vitamin C administration to P. berghei infected rats resulted in reducing parasite count as well as reduced malaria related alteration of liver function markers.