Tuberculosis is an omnipresent, highly contagious chronic granulamatous communicable bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other species of same genera. Tuberculosis usually affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. The aim of the present review to illustrate the various sites and co-morbidities associated with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis along with their diagnosis and treatment approaches.

A simple, fast and reliable UV spectrophotometric method has been developed for estimation of atazanavir sulphate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Estimation was carried out at λmax 249 nm using 0.1 N HCl as solvent. The linearity was observed in the range of 10-90 μg /ml with correlation coefficient (r) 0.999. The percentage recovery was found to be in range of 99.84-100.18%. The proposed method was found to be simple, accurate, precise, and reproducible and gave the acceptable recovery of the analyte which could be directly and easily applied to analysis of bulk and pharmaceutical tablet dosage form of atazanavir sulphate.

The plants under investigations (Boscia seneglansis, Boswellia papyrifera, Cadaba glandulosa, Aristolochia bracteulata and Nymphea lotus) were used in folkloric medicine in Sudan to cure some diseases. The results indicated a moderate presence of alkaloids on B. seneglansis and A. bracteulata and weak presence for N. lotus, C. glandulosa and B. papyriferae. Tannins were detected highly presence for B. seneglansis, N. lotus and moderate presence for other plants. Also flavonoids represented moderate presence for N. lotus and weakly presence for other plants. Remarkable cytotoxicity revealed for B.seneglansis with high value equal to 1.975 µg/ml. On the other hand B.paprifera, N.lotus, C.glandulosa and A. bracteulata represented cytotoxicity equal 14.96, 316.22, 635.1 and > 1000 µg/ml respectively.

Allium cepa (onion) and Zingiber officinale (ginger) has antioxidant feature so are in dyslipidemia in primary and secondary hyperlipidemia and prevent CAD in human body. Hypolipidemic drugs used in allopathy include Statins, Fibric acids, Niacin, and Resins but all have their low compliance due to frequent side effects. Medicinal herbs like Onion and Ginger are hypolipidemic agents commonly used as flavoring agents and making foods spicy and tasty. We have compared hypolipidemic potential between these two medicinal herbs. The study was conducted at Ghurki Trust teaching hospital, Lahore from January to June 2016. Eighty secondary hyperlipidemic patients were enrolled after getting written consent which was approved by Ethics committee of the hospital. They were divided in two equal groups comprising 40 patients in each group. Group-I was treated by Ginger 10 grams daily in three divided doses for 2 months. Group-II was advised to take Onion 200 grams daily in divided amount with each meal i.e.; breakfast, lunch, and dinner for two months. After two months therapy it was observed by statistical analysis that 10 grams ginger reduced TC (total cholesterol) of 38 hyperlipidemic patients 12.4 gm/dl and LDL-C (low density lipoprotein cholesterol) 27.3 mg/dl. In group-II, onion reduced TC in 35 patients 17.9 mg/dl and LDL-C 14.8 mg/dl. Changes in tested parameters are significant biostatistically with p-values <0.01 to <0.001. We concluded from this research work that Onion and Ginger reduces risk of CAD by decreasing plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol.

Uterine fibroids are the type of benign tumors that occurs on the uterine smooth muscles also one of the most common causes and lead to hospitalization in women. Uterine fibroids developed among women during or over the age of 50 years. Many cases are asymptomatic. Pelvic examination and ultrasound can be used to diagnose the uterine fibroids. Medical therapy, surgical interventions such as hysterectomy are the treatment of choices involved in the uterine fibroids. In the present case report, a 50-year-old female patient was admitted with complaints of abdominal distension and swelling for the past two years. On physical examination, the uterus was enlarged to 36 weeks and firm inconsistency. To remove the fibroid tumor, she underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The uterus mass was removed totally. It was measured around 5.5kg in weight. She was further managed with post-operative care. Early diagnosis and providing alert and warning to the women who all are at risk can prevent the risk of developing uterine fibroid.

This review article aims to find information about medicinal plants used to lower blood pressure (antihypertensives). The way to collect data is by using Google Scholar. The keywords used to find information were medicinal plants, antihypertensives, and phytochemicals. The results obtained from tracing information indicate that in the last 20 years of research, there were 21 medicinal plants used as antihypertensive drugs. These medicinal plants are garlic, celery, karira or kerda, chives, Terminalia arjuna, benalu, coconut trees, duck beak, new Chinese leaves, jeringau, prickly acacia, golden, silymarin, benalu parasites, king ulam, Marrubium vulgare, chickpea, nettle leaves, corydalis rhizome, fig, and joho rivet. These plants contain alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, steroids. Plants that have antihypertensive properties contain the most flavonoids. We can be developed these plants into Phyto-Pharmaca for antihypertensive drugs.