Background: Liver cirrhosis is a major burden that includes marked metabolic dysfunction and sarcopenia which may influence patients’ HRQoL. The main aim of the study was to analyse the mental, physical, and social well-being in sarcopenic population with liver cirrhosis (LC) using Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). Methods: The six domains of CLDQ were applied in a cross-sectional study during the 18 months of research in Rajasthan, India. Severity of the liver disease was determined through CTP and MELD. For the physical evaluation of sarcopenia, participants had undergone TAMA, hand grip strength, and gait speed test. For the statistical analysis, mean, SD, median, interquartile range, and multi logistic regression was used for final analysis. The total sample size was 138 patients. Result: The mean age of participants was 47.42±13.47 years, alcohol induced cirrhosis was the major factor contributing LC. CLDQ showed association with CTP, Meld Na, Ascites and Sarcopenia. CTP and MELD Na had an inverse effect with all domains of CLDQ and it showed a direct association with TAMA, hand grip strength and gait speed test. Conclusion: LC sarcopenic patients do worst in the domains of CLDQ that impair the health-related quality of life, as evidenced by CTP and MELD scores.

Based on the field work in Tamil Nadu, this article analyses the procurement and dissemination functioning of the Tamil Nadu Medical Services Corporation (TNMSC), including the problems faced by different stakeholders’ viz. doctors, patients and pharmaceutical companies and also the stakeholders outside Tamil Nadu. The Tamil Nadu model of procurement and distribution of medicines under TNMSC is acclaimed as a successful model for its centralized-swift actions. However there were some inconsistencies hampering TNMSC to remain a model as there were the no availability of drugs as per approved essential drugs list, shortage and incomplete availability of drugs, and a shift from centralized procurement to local purchase arrangement of some drugs across Tamil Nadu. It also observed not only the quantity, quality and number of drugs procured and distributed, not matching with the health need of patients, but also the doses are not effective. In order to do that there is a need to revamp its centralized procurement pattern and dissemination of drugs to various public health systems in Tamil Nadu. By doing this, it can avoid the high-cost private medicines being promoted even by government doctors, and truly make the public health system successful and a top model in this country.

Background: Several people are resistant or hesitant to take a Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Negative attitudes towards vaccines and the spread of misinformation about the ongoing pandemic can lead to vaccine take hesitancy and that could be a serious problem for managing the COVID-19. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the knowledge, acceptance, perception, and to evaluate the attitudes towards the prospective COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: The research study was carried out using a questionnaire that consisted of questions about the disease and on knowledge, acceptance, and perception of the COVID-19 vaccine. The data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results: The overall acceptance rate of the participants to take the COVID-19 vaccine was 23% (n= 250 of 1085 who completed the questionnaire). Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines in the study sample was affected by several factors such as age, gender, education level, income, health status, smoking, and the history of coronavirus infection. About 39.3% (n= 335) of the participants in the study think that COVID-19 was a man-made virus to achieve political goals or economic goals, while approximately half of them (n= 580, 53.4%) think that the COVID-19 vaccine is a purpose to inject microchips into people to control and monitor them. The main reasons for the people willing to get vaccinations were to eradicate the pandemic (31%) and fear for the relatives and friends from the disease (26.1%). While the reasons for refusing to take the vaccine were due to the side effects of the vaccine (29.2%), or for getting natural immunity (28.8%), and because they distrust vaccines (18.7%). Conclusions: The knowledge about vaccine COVID-19 was inadequate; the majority of the respondents were not willing to get vaccinated. High rates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy are due to its side effects.

Vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) waste contains powerful biological compound called astaxanthin which has high antioxidant activity compared to other carotenoids pigment or α-tokopherol. In this study, the vaname shrimp waste were extracted using soybean oil and was used to treat streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. The astaxanthin of vaname shrimp waste extract was counted using spectrophotemer and the antioxidant activity was determined by using DPPH method. The astaxanthin concentration was found highest in pigmented oil phase with the amount of 209.616 ppm and the IC50 value of the pigmented oil phase was 122.744 ppm. Hypoglycemic effect was evaluated in streptozotocin-induced mice which were devided into 5 groups and received different oral treatment in each group (glibenclamide in dose 5 mg/bw, aquadest 0.2 ml and astaxanthin in dose of 10, 15 and 20 mg/bw). The blood glucose levels were examined every 2 days for 14 days. The treatment of astaxanthin from vaname shrimp waste with dose 20 mg/bw showed remarkable fall on blood glucose in streptozotosin-induced diabetic mice, while a slight fall can be seen in dose 10 and 15 mg/kg bw. Therefore, these result present that vaname shrimp waste extract contained high astaxanthin and had high antioxidant activity which can be effectively used to reduce blood glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

Vitis vinifera L. are a well-known grape species from western Asia and southern Europe that belong to the Vitis genus of the Vitaceae family. The grapevine's seeds and leaves are employed in herbal therapy, while the fruits are used as a food supplement. Wine production, which takes 50-75 percent of grapes, is the most significant application of grapes, followed by fresh fruits, dried fruits, and juice. Several varieties and species of vitis vinifera available in India, pharmacological and therapeutic research, phytochemistry of the Vitis vinifera (grape) and its active components are presented in this overview.