Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are known as chronic disorders of the digestive tract with uncertain aetiology. They include Crohn’s disease (CD), Gardner’s syndrome (GS) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Although IBDs involve primarily the gastrointestinal tract, important extraintestinal manifestations have been reported, notably in the oral cavity. In the last 10 years these diseases have had 20 times more representation among the population, affecting 200.000 people per year in Italy only. Oral manifestations can and must be acknowledged in the dental field using both clinical examination and radiographic techniques. This review’s objective is to investigate how the use of radiographic analysis can be a helpful tool in order to highlight the strong correlation between IBD symptoms and oral lesions and, under certain circumstances, enable an early diagnosis.

NiTi plays a major role in the advancement in this specialty, which promotes the quality of the endodontic treatment. With the invention of NiTi, various modifications in the design and flexibility of the endodontic instruments were improved by the surface treatment and thermal treatments. In addition to the advancements in the field of dentistry newer movements of the instruments were incorporated offering greater safety and efficiency during root canal treatment. A better understanding of the mechanical properties of these new NiTi instruments and the efficacy of the instruments on the clinical performance is essential if dental practitioners are to select the instruments that provide optimal clinical outcomes, especially in curved or flattened canals. The objective of this literature review is to discuss the characteristics of the NiTi alloys used in the manufacturing of the endodontic instruments as well as an overall view on the metallurgical and mechanical properties of NiTi instruments used in dentistry.

Aim: Our aim was to assess the reasons for endodontic failure among insured population. Objectives: To assess the quality of treatments performed, their success rate and reasons for endodontic failure among insured population. Material and Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively among insured population in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The patients who attended the Out Patient Department (OPD) of Employees’ State Insurance Hospital, Sanath Nagar, Hyderabad were included. Records of 120 patients (involving 150 teeth) complaining of pain and/or swelling after endodontic treatment reported during a 2 year period, from June 2017 to June 2019 was utilized. Results: Age range of individuals in the study was 18 to 55 years and the average was 46.7 ±9.5 years. Out of them 80 (66.63%) were males and 40 (33.33%) were females. Poor prognosis cases were significantly higher in males (46.67%) compared to females (6.67). Fair prognosis cases were significantly higher in maxillary teeth (16.67%) compared to mandibular teeth (3.33%). The fair and poor prognosis cases in anterior teeth (5.33%, 3.33%) were significantly lesser than posterior teeth (14.67%, 50%).Similarly fair and poor prognosis tooth in younger patients aged 18-35 years (3.33%, 6.67%) were significantly lesser than older patients aged 36-55 years (16.67%, 36.67%). All patients were examined by experienced clinicians with minimum of 5years experience. Conclusion: Re-treatments are a task however, not impossible. Amongst the cases categorized saved tooth were 46.67% by Retreatment with/without endodontic treatment and 53.33% of cases were relieved of their complaints after extraction. Understanding anatomy, reasons for endodontic failure, age of the patient, Clinical and radiographic diagnosis, use of advanced instrumentation, technique sensitivity and giving them realistic expectations would increase success rate.