Background: Osteonecrosis is a condition caused by a temporary or permanent loss of blood flow to the bone. Data regarding the incidence and prevalence of AVN hip in Indian scenario is not clear, studies which are of recent origin estimate the prevalence or presence of disease based on North Indian population as having more males involved than females without any clear picture regarding the prevalence in general population. Study was planned to get a clear picture in the hospital settings as to what can be the possible causes of AVN hip and treatment being given to such cases. Material and methods: Hospital based study on patients coming to the Orthopedics OPD of Dr. Hardas Singh Orthopedic hospital and superspeciality research centre was conducted from June 2018-June 2020. Data was collected for willing patients and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: 139 Males were affected mostly out of 158 patients, the common reasons behind the cause of AVN hip were Chronic diseases, Idiopathic reasons and Smoking. Treatment in form of Surgery was refused by 43 individuals while 115 patients were upon and core decompression, vascularized fibular bone graft and total hip replacement was the commonest option given. Conclusion: More research is needed on this topic and patient education is needed to make them seek early medical care.

Background: Most common source of lower back pain is degeneration of intervertebral space leading to degenerative disc disease and lumbar herniation. We have various practices in India that include bending and twisting of the spine, making up for a strong case to study in detail about various causes of lumbar disc disease in patients coming to a tertiary center for treatment. Material and method: A hospital based study was conducted after clearance from IEC Dr. Hardas Singh orthopedic hospital and superspeciality research centre in from Jan 2019 till Feb 2020. Data were collected on structured questionnaire according to the set inclusion criterion for willing and consenting patients. Results: In our study we had 58 participants having more than 85% males with mean age of 23.45. Most of the patients were treated conservatively with excellent results. Conclusion: More large sample size is needed to come at any conclusion while like other published results we too saw that in most cases with age conservative management is a successful approach.

Aqueous extracts of dried Conyza aegyptiaca (Asteraceae) aerial parts, Morettia phillaeana (Del.) DC. (Brassicaceae) aerial parts, Acacia mellifera (Vahl.) Benth. (Mimosaceae) stem bark and Fagonia cretica L. (Zygophyllaceae) aerial parts were tested for larvicidal activity against the third instar larvae of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Extracts of C. aegyptiaca (LC50 = 1.55 mg/ml), M.phillaeana (LC50 = 5.50 mg/ml), A.mellifera (LC50 = 4.79 mg/ml) and F.cretica (LC50 = 13.80 mg/ml) were all promising as larvicides.

Characterization and knowledge of the quantity of wild macroalgae stock available per season is necessary to allow the carrying out of a seaweed and exploitation project. The measurement of the quantity of seaweeds on the North coast was undertaken by the method of transects and quadrats. The inventory was carried out between 2017 and 2019 at 5 sites located on the said coast. In each site we have used Google Earth and the Arc Gis software predetermined 3 transects of 500 m each distant from 500 m to each other, arranged perpendicular to the coast. On each transect, sampling points spaced 50 m from each other with their coordinates have been pre-established. At each sampling point, 3 quadrats were fixed and the algae are harvested and identified. In this area, Ceramium rubrum var. pacificum is the most frequent species (5.8% of the quadrats) and the most abundant but the Meristotheca senegalensis has the most important biomass with 1682 grams in 2017 and 1170 grams in 2018 harvested for each season in an area of 49,5 m2.

As a consequential sector within the fisheries segment, ornamental fisheries have become a billion-dollar industry. At current, it is estimated that the aquarium industry is worth about 15 billion dollars. In ornamental aquaculture and aquarium keeping, the incidence of diseases is the main quandary that emerges during culture and deplorably affects the profitability of the ventures. Diseases are caused by viruses, protozoa, bacteria, fungi, and parasites under profound culture conditions, and the likelihood of stress elevates in an immensely colossal portion of the stock. Of these, the most paramount causes of sudden fish death are infectious and bacterial diseases. Nowadays, veterinary antibiotic treatment of contaminated fish is being applied in most of the States of India. Disease obviation is often less costly than treating disease outbreaks when it is subsisting. Adopting and implementing a health management strategy would not assure a disease-free facility that ultimately leads to considerably decremented chances of dissemination of diseases. In the present report, an effort has been made to review in detail the main bacterial diseases occurring in the ornamental fish along with their obviation.

Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew. (CD) commonly known as Caper tree/ Karira is a small much, branched shrub. It is an important species of desert and arid regions to the tropical and subtropical regions of India, Arabia, Pakistan and Africa including Egypt. It provides vegetative cover in dry, hot, sandy desert areas, improves soil, prevents soil erosion and promotes biodiversity. It is a source of food, fodder, fuel wood, timber, medicine and plays an important role in the rural economy of arid regions. Its hard, heavy and termite resistant timber is known as “Sandal Wood” of the desert India. Fruits are eaten raw, unripe fruits and flowers are used pickled used as vegetable, dried fruits are turned into a delicacy in Rajasthan. In many parts of India, Africa and East Asia fruit serves as source of survival and food during famines. Records of CD appear in Vedas, Ayurvedic treatises as Charaka and Sushrut Samhita and classical Sansktit texts of Panini, Brihat Samhita of Varah Mihir, Upavana Vinoda and Vishvavallabha. The plant has been used as anti-inflammatory, anti asthmatic, analgesic, cardio protective anathematic, purgative, ant-helmintic, hepato protective, astringent, neutraceutical and antimicrobial in Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani systems of medicine since 2000 years. Plant seems to be a future green source of cosmetic, bio-inhibitor of metallic corrosion, nano-technology and bio diesel. The review presents the history, folklore, distribution, use as food, fodder, medicine in folk, animal and human health; it’s pharmaceutical and therapeutic, cultural, ecological and miscellaneous uses and nutritional and nutraceutical value.

Today, plant biodiversity is being degraded worldwide. Among the various tools that can, if not stop, at least slow down the loss of biological diversity, protected areas and private forests, botanical gardens, occupy a major place. The objective of this study is to assess the floristic diversity and the conservation value of biodiversity in this private reserve. Surface surveys coupled with itinerant inventories in this forest at Allany in the Department of Agboville (Ivory Coast), have made it possible to inventory three plant formations. The flora comprises 328 species divided into 233 genera and 75 families. Among these species, nineteen are West African endemics. The site contains 16 species on the IUCN Red List and threatened with extinction. The forest also contains many species that have become rare in Côte d'Ivoire. This exceptional biodiversity is not subject to human pressures. In an integrated approach to biodiversity management, we encourage its transformation into a private reserve or a private botanical conservatory.

The scarcity of arable land means that the forest is often seen as a "land bank" that can be used for agriculture when the need or necessity arises. This practice has led, in one way or another, to the erosion of biodiversity. In Côte d'Ivoire very few studies have been carried out on village forest birds. The objective of this work is to find out the avifaunal richness of Gbetitapea village forest (GVF) with a view to diversifying its tourist potential. To this end, censuses were conducted in this forest using listening points, mist net capture and recapture and fixed-term censuses along line transects with five-minute stopping points at listening stations. This methodology resulted in a total richness of 130 bird species divided into 43 families of 17 orders. Resident species (86.15%) and open habitats (59.23%) were the most abundant. The GVF is characterised by three species endemic to West Africa, 29 species belonging to the Guinean-Congolese forest and four bird species from the Sudano-Guinean savannah biome. This study has therefore made it possible to highlight the richness and avifaunal diversity of the village forest of Gbétitapéa which needs to be monitored.