Continuous spinal anesthesia (CSA) is an easy spinal anesthesia technical achievement and without major complication. For this reason we proposed this prospective study from January 2008 to December 2012 about the elderly victims’ bill femoral neck for whom the CSA is indicated. We had sixty seven patients, mean age 78 years and a sex ratio of 1.5. The results were positive for several reasons: hemodynamic stability in perioperative, comfort of the surgeon and patient satisfaction after three months.

Teacher oriented teaching in medical education is still predominantly going on throughout the world including India. Active participation of students is rare or unknown. In these situations, an attempt can be taken as a piece-meal study on participatory learning as active learning. Its immediate impact also can be measured. The main aim of the work was to assess the feasibility of application of participatory learning; to observe the impact of participatory learning and to compare participatory learning with traditional teaching. In methodology, seventy eight students of 2nd MBBS batch were divided randomly into two groups. Participatory learning was introduced to Group I (n = 39) on the topic of Tuberculosis by faculties of community medicine through didactic lectures, interaction, patient examination, visit to DOT centre etc. Group II (n = 39) had conventional way of teaching on the same topic by faculties of community medicine through didactic lectures. Statistically significant results were obtained using skill score and empathy score questionnaire. Knowledge achievement was also encouraging with no statistical difference. In conclusion, the implementation of participatory learning was feasible in medical colleges of West Bengal and found to be more effective and accepted than traditional teaching methodology

Since the beginning of human civilization, medicinal plants have been used by mankind for its therapeutic value. Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and an impressive number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources. Traditional medicine has remained as the most affordable and easily accessible source of treatment in the primary healthcare system of resource poor communities in India. A huge interest always exists in exploring nutraceuticals from plant materials to replace synthetic drugs in order to overcome their adverse effects and also for economic reasons. Tinospora cordifolia is a widely used shrub in folk and Ayurvedic systems of medicine all over India. Though almost all of its parts are used in traditional systems of medicines, leaves stem and roots are the most important parts which are used medicinally. Tinospora cordifolia is a versatile resource for all forms of life. It belongs to family Menispermaceae. It contains many different chemicals that affect the body. The present review aims to summarize the information concerning the chemical constituents and medicinal aspects of the Tinospora cordifolia plant

The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a HPLC method for the assay of sildenafil citrate (SIL) in powder preparations prepared from Revatio Tablets 20 mg for infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. The good recovery of SIL from preparations was achieved using a methanol:0.1N HCl =1:1 solution as the extraction solvent. A chromatographic system comprising a YMC AM12S05-1506WT column, mobile phase of CH3CN:H2O:HClO4:NaClO4=400:600:1:5 (V/V/V/W), flow rate of 1 mL/min, and UV detector set at 290 nm showed good chromatographic separation for SIL and the internal standard (propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate). A regression analysis revealed that the method was linear over the standard curve range from 0.01 to 1 mg/tube. Inter-day precision values between the ranges were 4.3% or better. Accuracy values between the ranges were -0.9% - 7.0%, except for the value of 0.01 mg/tube. The accuracy value at 0.01 mg/tube was 16.6%, which indicated that the limit of quantitation of this method was 0.01 mg/tube. We herein demonstrated that this method is useful for determining SIL in a powder preparation prepared from Revatio tablets 20 mg

Cigarette smoking has varieties of adverse effects on human health, both acute and chronic. Policies have been enunciated globally to attenuate the scourge of smoking and also to protect non-smokers from second-hand smoke. This study sought to evaluate the knowledge of smokers in Amassoma community of smoking adverse effects, their perceptions of smoking policies and cessation scenarios. 254 questionnaires were administered randomly to recipients that consented after carefully explaining the objective of the study. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 20. 94.3% of smokers were aware that smokers are liable to die young; 24.8% still smoked because they were addicted to it; 70.9% claimed they found it difficult to quit smoking; 46.8% of respondents had attempted quitting once. Reasons adduced for the failed quit attempts included extreme temptation (62.9%); 91.2%) had been advised to stop smoking; such advice came from family members (38%) and the church (26.4%). Place of residence was correlated (p=0.002*) with willingness to quit smoking. Over half of respondents linked smoking with Cancer, Asthma, Cough, Heart Disease, Kidney disease, Liver Disease, Respiratory Disease, Lung cancer, Stained teeth, Bad breadth, Reduced life-span and Death. 48.9% expressed their willingness to quit smoking; 43.7% and 22.8% respectively were in support of banning smoking inside family houses and on the streets; 34% of the recipients were in support of restricting advertisement of cigarette in media whereas, 26.6% recommended that cigarette manufacture should be banned in Nigeria. Aggressive public enlightenment is indicated in this community