Urinary tract infection (UTI) is caused by pathogenic invasion of the urinary tract which leads to inflammatory response of the urothelium. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a serious health problem and is the second most common type of infection in the body. Anatomically UTI may be classified as lower (cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria) or upper (pyelonephritis). The recommended antibiotics for use in pregnancy for management of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB) include oral Cephalosporins, Nitrofurantoin and Amoxicillin; and for the treatment of lower UTI during pregnancy include Penicillins and oral Cephalosporins. Data from the antibiotic usage study in UTI during pregnancy will help in establishing a proper antibiotic utilization guideline and promotes rational prescribing of medicines. Our object is to study the antimicrobial prescription pattern for Urinary tract infection during pregnancy. This study was conducted in Department of Pharmacology, Dr. S.N. Medical College in association with Deptt. of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Deptt.

The Herbal or natural excipients have a great advantage over their synthetic analogues as these are non-toxic, less expensive and freely available. The increasing awareness about these herbal excipients, which are manly polymers of natural origin, the pharmaceutical industries are getting more inclined towards their use in formulation development. The plant derived gums, mucilages from natural sources like carrageen an, thaumatin, lard, storax, agar, gum acacia, tragacanth and many more to name comply with many requirements of pharmaceutical excipients. These can be preferred for formulation development as being stable and involving less regulatory issues as compared to their synthetic counter parts. They can also be easily modified to meet the specific needs, thereby being a potent and economic vehicle for delivering active pharmaceutical ingredient in formulation. Thus present study aims to throw light on the potential of natural excipients which can be proposed to be used as diluent, binder, disintegrant as well as lubricant in various types of formulations as they are biocompatible and capable of giving additional nutrition to the developed dosage form.

Risperidone (R) is a new generation atypical antipsychotic used for schizophrenia-treatment. Today, most effective method for CYP2D6 enzyme phenotyping is dextromethorphan metabolism. The aim of this study is to compare risperidone plasma level with dextromethorphan metabolite ratio in Turkish psychiatric patients receiving risperidone monotherapy and to investigate whether 9-hydroxyrisperidone ratio could be a phenotype marker for CYP2D6 enzyme. The study included 41 patients receiving R monotherapy in Üsküdar University NP Istanbul Hospital between March 2011 and February 2012. On the 7th day of risperidone,risperidone plasma sample and CYP2D6 enzyme phenotyping was worked. Phenotyping was performed in the urine according to dextromethorphan metabolite ratio. If that ratio is less than 0.003 ultra-rapid metabolizer, 0.003-0.3 and intermediate metabolizer/ normal metabolizer; more than 0.3 phenotyping was calculated as poor metabolizer. Plasma Risperidone / 9-OH risperidone ratio is ≥ 1: poor metabolizer (PM); less than 0.1 ulta rapid metabolizer (UM), values between 0.2-0.9 were evaluated as intermediate- or normal metabolizer(IM/NM). In 92.9% (n:39) of the cases, phenotype was consistent with risperidone blood levels. In 4.8% (n:2) CYP2D6 enzyme phenotype was not consistent with risperidone /9-hydroxyrisperidone. The strong relationship between dextromethorphan metabolite ratio in urine and risperidone hydroxylation. As monitoring of the plasma levels of risperidone is more practical, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring(TDM), as a phenotype marker in predicting CYP2D6 enzyme phenotype on patients using risperidone, can be used as an important data in monitoring the treatment.

In this article the author argues that complete presentation of Stress full life is neither Possible to overcome safe lives on different simple steps. These steps are increasing in Physical and mental health, stress is an important stimulus of human growth and creativity as well an inevitable part of life.

Treatment costs of cardiovascular-related diseases have been predicted to surpass 3×1011$ by 2030, according to the American Heart Association. New clinical approaches have been implemented to engineer fibrous materials that can provide efficient local delivery of various pharmaceutical agents, such as anti-coagulants. Electrospinning is a costefficient technology that can fabricate biomimetic structures as suitable candidates for drug delivery systems (DDS). A clinically successful combination of anti-coagulants is acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and dipyridamole (DIP). Aim of this study was to formulate and characterize a dual drug delivery system made by biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, encapsulating the aforementioned pharmaceuticals. Three distinct types of fiber mats were fabricated. ASA only, DIP only and ASA+DIP fibers had an average diameter of 0.84 ± 0.27μm, 1.05 ± 0.34μm, and 0.64 ± 0.2μm, respectively. The cumulative drug release of both pharmaceuticals showcased a bi-phasic profile with an initial burst release and a secondary gradual phase that lasted for more than 90 days. Both anti-coagulants followed a Fickian diffusion release mechanism that was confirmed after fitting of the experimental data. In a nutshell, the obtained results indicate that electrospun PCL/PLA fibers could be used as a DDS in cardiovascular diseases.

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are noxious and unintended response to medicines. The detection and evaluation of ADRs of new drug is often delayed because they have long latency and are unexpected. But now a days pharmacovigilance surveillance system makes it possible for physicians, pharmacist and other health care providers to report suspected ADRs. The objective of this prospective study was to assess clinical pattern of drug induced cutaneous reactions in Dermatology OPD. In our study total of 60 patients with suspected cutaneous adverse drug reactions were recruited. A detailed physical examination was done by a physician including drug intake during 3 weeks preceding reactions and type of drug reactions. Most frequently reported cutaneous drug reactions were Stevens Johnson Syndrome (23%), Maculopapular rash (18%) Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (15%) and were caused by antiepileptic drugs in 21(35%) patients, followed by antibiotics in 17(28.33%) cases, NSAID’s in 7(11.6%) cases, antitubercular drugs in 3(5%) and antiretroviral drugs in 3(5%) cases. A high proportioned of these reaction (50%) were moderate (31%) of these were severe because they require hospitalisation or increased the duration of stay in hospital or were life threatening in (1%). Principal offending drug was phenytoin. So, a good knowledge of ADRs, a careful history taking and watchful approach while prescribing of new drugs can prevent many of the adverse drug reactions. These facts justify the development of an intensive programme of pharmacovigilance