Rapid, specific and economic UV spectrophotometric method has been developed to determine the methoxsalen content in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage formulations. At a pre-determined λ max of 247nm,it was proved linear in the range of 1.0–12.0 mg/mL, and exhibited good correlation coefficient (R2-0.999 .This method was successfully applied to the determination of methoxsalen content in marketed brand(Melanocyl R2-0.982, Meladerm R2- 0.971) and the results were in good agreement with the label claims. Methoxsalen is a photosensitizing agent which has a chemical structure susceptible to degradation. The obtained results proved that the method can be employed for the routine analysis of methoxsalen in bulks as well as in the commercial formulations.

Ebastine (EBA), 4'-tert-butyl-4-(4-(diphenyl methoxy) piperidino) butyrophenone, is a second generation H1- antihistamine. The solubility of EBA is poor in aqueous solutions, but increases in acidic conditions. EBA is degraded in aqueous solutions. There are no reports about the degradation rate of EBA in acidic solutions. The aim of this study was to determine the degradation rate of EBA in an acidic solution and to stabilize EBA in the solution. The stability of EBA in a buffer solution at pH 1.2 with 1% methanol at 37, 50 and 60°C was examined. EBA in solution was determined by HPLC. α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins (CDs) as stabilizers as well as the stability of the CDs in solution were examined. The degradation of EBA was considered to be a pseudo-first-order reaction. The apparent first-order rate constant of EBA in the pH 1.2 buffer solutions at 37°C was 14.9×10-3 hour-1. When α-, β- and γ- CDs were added, the rate constant decreased to 12.2×10-3, 0.83×10-3 and 7.20×10-3 hour-1 for α-, β- and γ- CDs, respectively. β- CD was found to have the strongest stabilizing effect. The activation energy for the degradation of EBA under this condition was 106.9 kJ/ mol. The addition of CDs increased the value, and CDs were slowly degraded in the pH 1.2 solution

Tephrosia purpurea L. plant is used in the indigenous system of medicine, belonging to the Family Fabaceae. To study the anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic stem extract of T. purpurea by using Carrageenan induced model. Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic stem extract of T. purpurea was studied, in which inflammation was induced by injecting 0.1ml of 1 per cent Carrageenan in to the sub plantar side of the left hind paw. Test drugs were administered in a dose of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg (body weight) one hour before commencing the experiment. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by determining and comparing the paw volume (ml) in the test drug group with that of the vehicle control group. Diclofenac sodium 5 mg/kg (body weight) was used as a reference drug. Inflammation in the methanolic stem extract of T. purpurea treated animals was found to be significantly less compared to vehicles control animals. Diclofenac sodium (5 mg/kg body weight) produces significant reduction in inflammation when compared to control group. Methanolic stem extract of T. purpurea (M.S.E.T.) produced significant anti-inflammatory activity. Our results suggest that all the Methanolic stem extract of T. purpurea (M.S.E.T.) possess significant anti-inflammatory activity. Among the three doses of T. purpurea 40 mg/kg body weight showed maximum activity.

Alpha-lipoic acid is well known antioxidant and has anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to treat diabetic neurovascular and metabolic problems. The aim of our study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of alpha- lipoic acid (ALA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - induced model of inflammation in rats. Forty male Wistar rats were divided in five groups (n=8): control, model group and three experimental groups treated with 30, 60 and 90 mg/kg alpha – lipoic acid for 14 days. The inflammation was induced by a single dose administration of LPS from Escherichia coli 055: B in dose 250 μg/kg i.p. After four hours the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected. The levels of two proinflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin -6 (IL-6) were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). Intraperitoneal administration of LPS increased the level of both TNFalpha and IL-6 in the model group compared to the control group. In all ALA treated groups the level of TNF-alpha was significantly decreased (p<0, 05) compared to the model group. In contrast, IL-6 release in the group treated with 30 mg/kg ALA was significantly (p<0, 05) higher than the model group. There was no significant reduction (p<0, 05) in the level of IL-6 in all experimental groups. Our present study demonstrates that chronic ALA administration significantly protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in rats.

Thienopyrimidines has received considerable attention as they are endowed with variety of biological activities and have wide range of therapeutic properties. Thienopyrimidines, the structural analogues of biogenic purine class, has high significant in field of pharmaceutical and biotechnological sciences, with wide spectrum of biological activities. A series thienopyrimidines can be easily synthesized by Gewald reaction. The first step of this multicomponent reaction is the Knoevenagel-Cope condensation of carbonyl compound (ketone or aldehyde) with an activated nitrile (α- cyanoester), yielding an α,β– unsaturated nitrile. This intermediate is then thiolated at the methylene group by elemental sulfur, followed by an intramolecular cyclization yielding a polysubstituted-2-aminothiophene. The structure of compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, IR and mass spectral analysis, and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity by carrageen induced paw oedema method and standard drug used for anti-inflammatory activity is Diclofenac Sodium.