The study investigated the production of microencapsulated gliclazide by the emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Microspheres were prepared using combination of polymers Eudragit®RS PO and ethyl cellulose by solvent evaporation method and characterized for different properties. Compatibility studies were performed by differential scanning calorimetry, fourier trans form infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The resulting microspheres were white free flowing in nature. The particle size of microspheres ranged from 162-497µm and the encapsulation efficiencies ranged from 51.61-99.61%. The encapsulation efficiency was found to be dependent on nature of polymer used in the formulation. The infrared spectra confirmed the stable character of gliclazide in the drugloaded microspheres. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the microspheres were spherical in nature. From the in vitro drug dissolution studies showed that the sustaining effect of microspheres depended on the polymer concentration, amount of dispersant and the type of polymer used in the formulation. The mechanism of drug release from the microspheres was non-fickian type. Results suggest that combination of polymers containing gliclazide microspheres could be prepared successfully by using an emulsion solvent evaporation technique using polymethacylate polymers, which will not only sustain the drug release but also manage the complicacy of the diabetes in better manner

The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a HPLC method for assaying fexofenadine hydrochloride(FEX) in powder preparations prepared from Allegra® 60 mg tablets. A chromatographic system comprising a YMC AM12S05-1506WT column, mobile phase of CH3CN:H2O:HClO4:NaClO4=500:500:1:5 (V/V/V/W), flow rate of 1 mL/min, and UV detector set at 220 nm was used. The retention time of FEX was approximately 6.6 min. A regression analysis revealed that the method was linear over the standard curve range from 0.2 to 80 µg/mL. Intra-day precision and accuracy ranged between 0.1 and 19.6% and between -34.0 and 1.0%, respectively. The accuracy value at 0.50 µg/mL was -13.6%, which was out of the range of -10% to 10%. Therefore, the lower limit of quantification was inferred to be 0.50 µg/mL. Inter-day precision and accuracy values between 0.5 and 80 µg/mL ranged within 10% and from -10% to 10%, respectively, which were acceptable. The lower limit of quantification was established to be 0.50 µg/mL from validation data. The content of Allegra® 60 mg tablets was 100.60 ± 0.40% (mean ± SD, n=3). The method developed herein is useful for evaluating grinding tablets on dispensing when Allegra® 60 mg tablets are used as a model preparation.

The present study is an effort to demonstrate the role of Holarrhena antidysenterica Linn in the management of STZ-ICV induced dementia in rats. Wistar rats (either sex; 220-250 g) were divided into 7 groups (n=6 to 8). Ethanol extract of seeds of Holarrhena antidysenterica Linn (EEHA) was administered daily in 3 doses (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg; p.o.) to rats for 28 successive days. Dementia was induced in rats by intra cerebro ventricular (ICV) injection of STZ (3 mg/kg) using stereotaxic apparatus. Learning & memory assessment with the help of Novel object recognition task and Elevated plus maze was carried out. After behavioural evaluation, brain AChE, TBARS and GSH levels were measured. Administration of STZ to rats increased the transfer latency (TL) (p˂0.05) in elevated plus maze as compared to normal control group rats and showed almost equal exploration time of the novel and familiar object in retention trial in novel object recognition task indicating induction of dementia. Furthermore, STZ treated rats showed (p˂0.05) decrease in GSH and increase in AchE & TBARS levels. Administration of EEHA (200 and 300 mg/kg; p.o) (p<0.05) increased the exploration time of the novel object as compared with familiar object during their retention trial in novel object recognition task and decrease TL in elevated plus maze session as compared to STZ group. EEHA treated rats showed an (p<0.05) increase in GSH and decrease in brain AChE and TBARS levels. Thus, Holarrhena antidysenterica Linn may prove to be useful remedy for the management of dementia owing to its possible neuroprotective and antioxidant properties.

The effect of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Maerua psuedopetalosa administered at 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weigh doses for a week was investigated on heamatological parameters in Wistar rats. Rats dosed with the ethyl acetate extract showed significant decrease in the values of RBC counts, HCT and LY at a concentration of 50 mg/kg, whereas MCHC exhibited increase at a concentration of 50 and 250 mg/kg and increase in GR counts at a concentration of 50mg/kg. On the other hand ethanolic extract had shown no significant effect on most hematological parameters except PLT and lymphocyte counts which were exhibited significant decrease in rats receiving 250 and 50 mg/ kg BW respectively (p 0.05 ). Mortality occurred in the 500 mg/ kg dose group

Leaf extracts of Citrus sinensis have been used in local folk medicine to treat neurological diseases. Its methanolic extracts have sedative activity. Diosmin and Hesperidine have been shown to posses’ anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions. We in the present study tried to evaluate the anticonvulsant property of hydro-ethanolic leaf extracts of Citrus sinensis. It was evaluated in albino mice by Maximal Electric Shock (MES) induced convulsions in mice. The mice were closely observed for 30 minutes and the following parameters were recorded, Onset of convulsion, Duration of convulsion and Time of recovery Percentage of inhibition of seizures compared with standard drug Sodium valproate. With Citrus sinensis 50mg/Kg MES produces single convulsion in 50% of mice with mean onset of convulsion 11.33 sec, mean duration of convulsion 5.0 sec and mean time of recovery 5 sec. With Citrus sinensis 100 mg/kg 33.3% developed convulsion with mean onset of 15.5 sec, mean duration 2 sec and Mean time of recovery 2.5 sec. No mice developed convulsion with standard drug Sodium Valproate. With the increase in dose 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg compared with the control group have shown the time of onset of convulsion prolonged, duration reduced and time of recovery decreased and the values were statistically highly significant P < 0.001. The present study demonstrated that Citrus sinensis possesses anticonvulsant activity against Maximal Electric Shock induced seizures in mice. The anticonvulsant activity was better with dose of 100mg/Kg. However its anticonvulsant properties were inferior to the standard drug sodium valproate. It may act as an adjuvant therapy along with standard anticonvulsant drugs in seizure prevention.

This research aimed at investigating the nutritional and antinutritional contents of the leaves of wild edible plant, Crotalaria laburnoides (commonly known as „Nsonga‟ by natives), in order to provide knowledge on the nutritional implication of feeding on C. laburnoides diet. A comparative analysis on the nutritional and antinutritional factors of raw and blanched leaves of C. laburnoides was carried out using standard analytical methods, where levels of some nutrients and antinutrients were determined. Results obtained showed the percentage (%) moisture contents as 15.25 and 14.90, ash as 8.37 and 9.56, crude fiber as 12.91 and 12.87, crude protein as 7.61 and 10.37, crude fat as 1.41 and 1.64, and carbohydrate as 54.45 and 50.14 for raw and blanched samples respectively. The findings also revealed that β-carotene contents as 10.50 and 7.93 mg/100 g, Vitamin B1 as 1.77 and 1.02 mg/100 g, Vitamin B2 as 7.71 and 1.83 mg/100 g for raw and blanched leaves respectively whereas Vitamin C was not detected in both samples. Mineral analysis revealed that there were high amounts of Calcium as 5999 and 11700 ppm and Manganese 105 and 110 ppm for raw and blanched leaves respectively. Also the findings revealed the presence of metal contaminants (“heavy metals”) in both samples. The contents of antinutritional factors (ANFs); oxalates were 52.94 and 40.0 mg/100g, phytate were 4.30 and 2.02 mg/100g and tannin were 0.115 and 0.073 mg/100g for raw and blanched leaves respectively. The results of this study revealed that C. laburnoides leaves are good nutritionally, containing proximate components, minerals and vitamins in amounts comparable to cultivated species. However, they have high contents of ANFs

In this work, a selective and sensible analytical method by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography was developed and validated. The method was applied in several preformulation assays of a novel benzophenone derivative denominated LFQM117. This compound was selected due to its potential as leishmanicidal drug candidate to topical therapy. Preformulation assays included the LFQM117 physicochemical characterisation as solubility in different vehicles, oil-water partition coefficient (log P) and in vitro skin absorption studies of LFQM117. Forced stress tests were also performed to assess the intrinsic stability of this compound. The results showed that the analytical method developed was suitable to be employed in the preformulation tests carried out in this work. The preformulation studies indicated that LFQM117 showed low water solubility and high lipophilicity (log P = 4.8). And the LFQM117 remained stable under forced stress conditions. The skin absorption studies showed that LFQM117 permeation through the porcine ear skin was significantly increased by addition of oleic acid (absorption enhancer). And this study was the starting point for the development of topical formulations with LFQM117