To explore the impact of different patient-specific factors on the daily warfarin maintenance dose. This is a cross sectional study which was conducted on 80 Iraqi patients of Arab ethnicity. The ethical approval of this study was obtained from the Medical College / Al-Nahrain University and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. After sample addition, tubes were transferred to the laboratory for PT&INR measuring. Demographics of gender, age, weight, and height, Body mass index (BMI) was calculated via weight and height as well as date of warfarin initiation, and indication, additional medical problems and concurrent medications were also recorded. Warfarin dose was not significantly correlated with gender and height, while it was significant with age but negatively correlated so as the age increased the dose decreased, and warfarin dose was highly significant with weight and body mass index and positively correlated so as the body weight increase warfarin dose increase. The target INR is highly not significant with dose. Simple linear regression equation showed a significant effect of age, height, weight, and BMI on daily warfarin maintenance dose with a no significant effect of gender.

The present study was aimed to synthesize derivatives of cis stilbene and evaluate for their anti-cancer activities. Several cis stilbenes with substitutions on the olefinic carbon were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR, and MASS spectra. Some compounds from each series were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines. Among all the compounds, compound 4c with methyl ester group on olefinic carbon exhibited potent activity against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines with IC50 values 22.24µM and 27.43µM respectively.

A simple, Precised, Accurate method was developed for the estimation of Ibrutinib by RP-HPLC technique. Chromatographic conditions used are stationary phase Agilent 150mm x 4.6 mm, 5., Mobile phase buffer: acetonitrile in the ratio of 70:30 and flow rate was maintained at 1ml/min, detection wave length was 290nm, column temperature was set to 30oC and diluent was mobile phase Conditions were finalized as optimized method. System suitability parameters were studied by injecting the standard five times and results were well under the acceptance criteria. Linearity study was carried out between 25% to150 % levels, R2 value was found to be as 0.999. Precision was found to be 0.89 for repeatability and 0.66 for intermediate precision. LOD and LOQ are 0.13µg/ml and 0.39µg/ml respectively. By using above method assay of marketed formulation was carried out 101.21% was present. Degradation studies of Ibrutinib were done, in all conditions purity threshold was more than purity angle and within the acceptable range.

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Surgical site infection (SSI) is a severe problem in the surgical specialties, which can cause mortality, morbidity, delays incision healing and economic burden. Advances in control of infections have not completely eradicated this problem because of development of drug resistance. Aims and objectives are isolation and identification of the bacterial pathogens from the infection site and determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolated pathogens. A total number of 210 clinically suspected cases of surgical site infections in various surgical departments during July 2009 to April 2010 were included. Standard bacteriological methods were used for bacterial isolation and Susceptibiliity testing. Among enrolled cases the age of the patients ranged from ≤20 yrs to ≥ 60 yrs. Out of 210 wound swabs 167/210 were culture positive aerobically yielding 235 bacterial isolates, while 43 were sterile. Of this 112/131 were emergency surgery patients. The maximum rate of isolates was seen after EmLSCS. Of all risk factors preoperative stay of >7 days was considered as the most significant. All Gram positive cocci isolated were sensitive to Vancomycin (100%), followed by Amikacin and Clindamycin. 81.16% of S.aureus were sensitive to Oxacillin.

To investigate the in vitro, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the proteins isolated from Zingiber officinale, proteins isolated by Ammonium sulphate precipitation method. In vitro antioxidant studies were carried out for the proteins using superoxide radical scavenging method and anti-inflammatory studies was done using membrane stabilization assay. The superoxide radical scavenging ability of the proteins was compared with standard antioxidant like Alpha tocopherol and Ascorbic acid at a maximum dosage of 8µg, where Zingiber officinale root protein showed a maximum inhibition of 55% and Alpha tocopherol and Ascorbic showed 55 and 51% respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity of Zingiber officinale root proteins were compared with the standard drug Diclofenac sodium, where at a dosage of 1000µg/ml, plant root protein showed maximum inhibition where as the drug Diclofenac Sodium showed at a dosage of 200µg/ml. The results of the present study concluded that the Zingiber officinale root proteins possess significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and it may due to the presence of proteins

Santalum album Linn is one of the important medicinal plants belonging to the family Santalaceae. Ayurveda and Unani medicinal systems use it for the treatment of several ailments. Santalum album Linn has Anti pyretic, Anti helmintic, Anti-microbial, Hepato protective and Anti-cancer activities. As per World Health Organization many people are suffering from microbial infections. The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-microbial activity of Santalum album Linn. The preliminary phytochemical studies determine the various secondary metabolites like Carbohydrates, Glycosides, Alkaloids, Phenols and Tannins are present. These aqueous extract was screened for their antimicrobial activity against B.Subtilis pathogen bacteria by agar cupplate method. These aqueous extract shows significant activity against at 10, 20 and 40µgm/ml. The Activity Index is 0.21, 0.45, 0.86 (B. subtilus) and compared with a standard drug Ofloxacin. This study gives the way for further studies to elucidate the other properties of Santalum album

Pharmacogenomics is the study of genetic variations that influence individual response to drugs. Knowing whether a patient carries any of these genetic variations can help prescribers individualize drug therapy, decrease the chance for adverse drug events and increase the effectiveness of drugs. Pharmacist must be aware with the new technologies so as to take advantage of these new opportunities for the benefit of patients. Pharmacist must further develop a process to effectively deliver pharmacogenomics services to individual patients that are aligned with medication therapy management (MTM) service delivery, develop a viable business model for these practices and encourage the development of health information technology solutions that support the pharmacist‘s role in this emerging field. The purpose of article is to highlight the recent development in pharmacogenetics in which pharmacists may play a vital role in the context of pharmacogenetics study approaches and factors to consider when applying pharmacogenetics discoveries to patient care

Epilepsy is the term used for a group of disorders characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures that apparently result from complex processes involving several neurotransmitter systems such as glutamainergic, cholinergic, and gabaergic system. Seizures can arise from virtually any cerebral pathology that increases the excitability of brain tissue. The etiologies can be divided into genetic and acquired brain lesions. Emblica officinalis is plant and which is well known fruit and it is called as Usiri or usirikai(Telugu), amalika (Sanskrit), aamla (Hindi), aamla (Gujarati), aavalaa (Marathi), amloki (Bengali), Aula (Punjabi), nellikka (Malayalam), nellikkai (Tamil and Kannada). The present study is aimed to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of Fruit and leaf extracts of Emblica officinalis by Strychnine Induced Convulsions in Mice Model. Here the animals are divided into nine groups Phenytoin sodium 40mg/kg p.o is used as for standard group and test groups received low dose 200mg/kg p.o, medium dose 400mg/kg p.o, high dose 600mg/kg p.o for Fruit and leaf extracts respectively. The results demonstrate the strong anticonvulsant activity of Emblica officinalis fruit and leaf extracts (200, 400 & 600 mg/kg) in strychnine induced convulsions. The present study provides the benefits of Emblica officinalis fruit and leaf extracts using in the treatment of epilepsy

This cross sectional study was conducted in Khartoum state during period of May to July among Sudanese patients with prostate cancer. This study aimed to assess serum lipid profile Cholesterol, triglycerides, High density lipoprotein, Low density lipoprotein among patients with prostate cancer. The study was involved hundred participant fifty percent were prostatic cancer patient and the rest were health individual as control group. Serum lipid profile was analyzed in each participant by spectrophotometric method using enzymatic reaction. The result of this study showed that the level of serum Cholesterol, triglyceride and Low density lipoprotein were higher in patients when we compared with healthy individual. Also in this study High density lipoprotein was lower in patients when we compared with health individual.This study concludes that there is significant elevation of serum lipid level profile among prostate cancer patient and there was significant difference between serum lipid profile level of patient and control. This study concludes that there is association between elevation of lipid profile and prostate cancer.

Acute pancreatitis continues to be associated with significant rates of mortality and morbidity, and therapeutic options are still very limited. Various theories have been suggested regarding the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis, lot of research into different medical treatments for the treatment of acute pancreatitis, but it is not clear what benefits each treatment has, or indeed if any medical treatment is beneficial apart from supportive treatment. To clarify the potential therapeutic effect of octreotide, trimetazidine, and their combination in acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis was induced by L-arginine and treated with octreotide subcutaneously,trimetazidine intraperitoneally and combination therapy by octreotide and trimetazidine. The rats were followed for 24 hours. At the 24th hour we determined serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, lipase, and amylase. TNF-α (p < 0.001), IL-1β (p < 0.001, lipase (p < 0.001), and amylase (p < 0.001) serum levels were significantly lower in combination group as compared with both octreotide and trimetazidine groups. Combination treatment markedly decreases biochemical and enzymatic changes in acute pancreatitis, thus ameliorate pancreatic injury in L-arginine induced acute pancreatitis.