Moringa oleifera is one of the world’s most useful trees. It has been claimed to possess antihyperglycemic properties in Indian traditional system of medicine for past few decades. Phytoconstituents obtained from Moringa oleifera have been reported to possess antihyperglycemic effects amongst which are glucosinolates isothiocyanates, phenolic compounds and β-sitosterol. Isothiocyanates have been documented to induce insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. Plant products are safer and effective alternative remedies with low costs, limited adverse consequences and easy accessibility. In the light of above information, the present study was conducted to emphasize the antihyperglycemic potential of Moringa oleifera in leaf extract capsules. A total of 90 participants were enrolled in this study and divided into three groups amongst which 30 healthy nondiabetic individuals were included. Assessment of blood glucose parameters Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Post prandial blood sugar (PPBS) and HbA1c were done at baseline, 12 weeks and 24weeks. At the end of 12 and 24weeks Moringa oleifera capsules at a dose of 500mg BD were found to reduce blood glucose parameters both solely and also in combination with Metformin significantly. This emphasizes the antihyperglycemic properties of Moringa oleifera capsules.

Metformin hydrochloride (MET) is an oral hypoglycaemic agent which improves glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes and diminishes basal plasma levels of glucose. The aim of this study was to develop and optimize MET matrix tablets for SR application. The SR matrix tablet of MET was prepared by wet granulation technique using Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose of different viscosity grades (HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M, and HPMC K100M). The influence of varying the polymer ratios was evaluated. The excipients used in this study did not modify physicochemical properties of the drug. MET has relatively short plasma half-life, low absolute bioavailability. The need for the administration 2 to 3 times a day when larger doses are required can decrease patient fulfilment. SR formulation that would maintain plasma level for 8-12 h might be sufficient for daily dosing of MET. SR products are needed for MET to prolong its duration of action and to improve patient compliances. The developed formulation of tablet (F1 to F6) was evaluated for pre-compression and post–compression method.

Mucoadhesive buccal films containing three layers (mucoadhesive layer, Nanosuspension containing layer and backing membrane) were incorporated with Eprosartan mesylate nanosuspension. Formulation and evaluation of nanosuspension incorporated mucoadhesive buccal films of Eprosartan mesylate for bioavailability enhancement by avoiding first-pass metabolism. Buccal route of drug delivery provides the direct access to the systemic circulation through the jugular vein bypassing the first pass hepatic metabolism leading to high bioavailability. Eprosartan mesylate -loaded nanosuspension was prepared by a precipitation–ultrasonication method with varying concentrations of the polymer. nanosuspension have emerged as one of the most promising dosage forms for formulation of water insoluble and sparingly soluble drugs Nanosuspension consist of hydrophobic drug particles in the nano range (100– 1000 nm) dispersed in a hydrophilic medium (usually water) which are stabilized with the help of polymers, surfactants or a mixture of both. The low particle radius and enlarged surface area of nanosuspension lead to a consequent improved rate of dissolution that can contribute to increased concentration gradient and thus absorption of low soluble but highly permeable drugs. The formulation showed negative zeta potential of -12.6 mV and was analyzed for size and morphology.

The objective of the present study is to evaluate in vitro antioxidant and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of various extracts from the fruits of vitis vinifera L. Grapes (Vitis vinifera) are universally appreciated fruit for their delicacy, nutrition and accepted as functional food. The dietary consumption of grape and its products is connected with a lower incidence of degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancers. Most recent interest has focused on the bioactive phenolic compounds in grape. Flavanols, Anthocyanins and resveratrol are the most important grape polyphenols because they possess many biological activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammation, antiaging antioxidant, cardioprotective and antimicrobial properties. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of methanolic and ethanolic extract was carried out to identify the phytoconstituents. The In vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Vitis vinifera was assessed against DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay using standard protocols. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan induced paw edema method on wistar albino rats. Methanolic extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg) showed significant and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects. Methanolic extract showed higher antioxidant activity than ethanolic extracts. It can be concluded that antioxidant and inflammatory efficacy of Vitis vinifera might be due to presence of antioxidant property and active phytoconstituents.

Oxidative stress acts as a vital mediator in the pathophysiology of urolithiasis. Renal calculi formation is one of the most general urological disorders. Urinary stone disease is a common disease which affects 10-12% of the population in developed countries. The objective of the present study is to investigate the antiurolithiatic and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Thunbergia laurifolia flowers on ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in Wistar albino male rats. Twelve male rats weighing 152-204 were used for this study. Urolithiasis was produced in Wistar albino rats by adding 0.75% v/v ethylene glycol (EG) to drinking water for 28 days. The methanolic extract of Thunbergia laurifolia flowers (TBL) was assessed for its preventive action in urolithiasis. In preventive treatment, the TBL given from 1st day to 28th day, various renal functional and injury markers such as urine volume, calcium, phosphate, uric acid, magnesium, urea and oxalate were evaluated using urine, serum and kidney homogenate. Antioxidant parameters such as DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and Glutathione were also determined. The TBL treatment increased the urine output significantly compared to the control. The TBL treatment significantly reduced the urinary excretion of the calcium, phosphate, uric acid, magnesium, urea and oxalate and increased the excretion of citrate compared to EG control. The increased deposition of stone forming constituents in the kidneys of calculogenic rats were significantly lowered by treatment with TBL. It was also observed that alcoholic extract of TBL produced significant (P < 0.001) increased in lipid peroxidation (LPO), and decreased GSH, SOD.