Nowadays, nanosilver materials are widely used in the field of food packaging, which could significantly prolong the storage time of food. The migration of silver nanopartilcles in nanosilver packages is increasing continuously, while the case of the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coil) is not the same. In this paper, the antimicrobial activity to E. coil of silver nanoparticles is evaluated, which is useful to the evaluation of nanosilver food packages.

Epididymides were collected from five mature healthy indigenous bulls and transported to the laboratory on ice. Sections were taken from six different regions, two from each head, body and tail of the epididymis. The histology slides prepared were stained. The volume densities of the epididymal duct, ductular lumen, epithelium, and the intestitium were measured. The tubular and lumen diameters and epithelial and stereocilial heights were also measured. The epididymal fluid was also collected from the same six regions and stained. Sperms were counted. There was a gradual reduction in sperms with proximal cytoplasmic droplets as go along the head (72.2%), body (16.9%), and tail (2.2%) region. The number of abnormal sperms was reduced from head to tail. Four types of cells; principal, apical, basal and halo cells, were observed in the epithelium. The commonest cell type found was principal cells. The halo cells were the least common cell type. The volume density of epididymal duct was high in head and tail region. The epithelial volume density decreased from head to tail region and the opposite was observed for luminal volume density. The tubular diameter found to be similar in all six regions except proximal tail which had the highest diameter (5.9 mm). The decrease of the epithelial height from head to tail direction contributed for the increase of the luminal diameter in the same direction. The height of stereocilia was found low in the distal head (1.2mm) and distal tail (1.4mm) region compare to the rest of the regions.

Air contains number of different particles suspended in it. Fungal spores, pollen grains, viruses, bacteria, dust particles, insect parts etc. The Present aerobiological investigation was carried out at Nashik District by using a device Tilak Air sampler. Continuous air monitoring operation was done for 97 days during the months of June, July, August and September of Kharif Season during the year 2013. Airborne catches trapped over the groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) field includes 45 fungal spores, hyphal fragments, insect parts, pollen grains etc. the article defines the definite correlation between the air borne microorganisms, meteorological parameters, growth stages of the crop plants and their impact in bringing about the disease incidence to the ground nut crop plants. A volumetric Tilak Air Sampler was used to trap airborne biological components, which incidentally provided continuous quantitative and qualitative data. Present investigation also mainly aimed to study the population of fungal morphotypes prevailing in the ambient air over the groundnut fields in one Kharif Crop season.

Studies to ascertain the effect of organic and mineral sources of N, P and K on growth and yield attributes of Bankyehemaa and Nkabom varieties were undertaken in Offinso, Ghana, from June, 2014 to May, 2015. The cassava varieties and 2 t/ha of poultry manure (PM), 600 kg/ha each of NPK 15-15-15 and NPK 23-10-10, and a combination of the mineral fertilizers with PM at their half rates and a negative control were laid out in a factorial combination in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Plant height, number of roots per plant, mean root weight and root length were measured over the period, whereas height at first branching, shoot weight, stem girth and number of stems per hill were evaluated at final harvest at 11 months after planting (MAP). The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using the 12th Edition of GenStat Statistical package. Variety, fertilizer and treatment interaction effects for all the parameters measured were significant, except varietal effect on number of stems per plant, stem girth, mean root weight and root length. Growth and mean root number were increased in Bankyehemaa variety. NPK 23-10-10 alone increased number of roots per plant, while its combination with PM improved mean root weight and root length. This fertilizer combination increased root length in Nkabom variety. At final harvest, PM alone significantly improved mean root number in Bankyehemaa and also increased mean root weight in Nkabom. Cassava farmers should be encouraged to apply PM, NPK 23-10-10 and their combinations to improve the performance of Bankyehemaa and Nkabom varieties grown in sandy loams in a semi-deciduous forest ecology. In future studies, the impact of these fertilizers on soil physico-chemical properties and nutrient use efficiency of the test cassava varieties should be evaluated in multi-locations over many years.