Ficus benjamina is an ornamental plant that planted alongside the road of Pakistan to increase the beauty of country. Several insect pests are attacking on this beautiful plant, responsible in reduction of aesthetic value of country. Among insect pests, Trilocha varians is serious and destructive pest whose larvae feed on leaves resulting 100% defoliation. The study was conducted to check the life table of this emerging pest on F. benjamina under controlled conditions. The study showed that total life period of T. varians from egg to adult was 33-35 days. The highest apparent mortality was recorded in early larval instars and rapidly reduced in later instars (3rd instars) which even reached to zero from 4th larval instars to pupal stage. Age-specific survivorship (lx) of the cohort was gradually reduce in later instars. Maximum mortality at early stage may exert significant negative effect on the insect population. The management practices could be more fruitful against early instars as compared to later instars larvae.

Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are encapsulated in an ecological platform has been planned to supply many benefits, and blood vessels used as laser-tissue-soldering within the brain, and during the course of the degradation, SiNPs given to the discharged into an encircling of the brain tissue. The goal of this modern research was to examine likely to the silicon dioxide nanoparticles are categorized in the microglial cells and uptake the cellular mechanism(s), and additionally these impacts on autophagy and inflammatory cytokines, and also it's been found in depth applications in medical specialty and biotechnological fields, for example, bio imaging, medical diagnostics, gene therapy, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy biomolecule detection and bio-imaging. It has also been added to the raising of the industrial mechanism to the exposure of silicon dioxide nanoparticles, throughout the manufacturing, transportation, storage, and consumers that are obviously increased used by human exposure and environmental burden. The purpose of this work was to examine the neurotoxicity of two different dosages (40 and 80 mg/kg body weight) of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) in male albino rats for 14 days by intraperitoneal exposure. The neurobehavioral and neurochemical changes were analyzed. Spontaneous motor activity, catalepsy, gait and muscle incoordination were assessed. There after the brain was removed for the examination of lipid peroxide level and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT). Our results indicated the SNPs could passed from the blood-brain-barrier into the brain, and essentially it increases the concentration of lipid peroxide levels and reduce the activity of SOD and CAT and also its reduce the behavioral activity were seen. The maximum changes were observed in rats, who received 80 mg/kg body weight doses. It can be concluded that neuronal toxicity of silica nanoparticles could be related to the amount of the particles and the oxidative stress could be ............

This study was carried out on the evaluation of yield performance and molecular diversity in F2 population of soybean genotypes using SNP markers. The aim of the study was to assess the growth performance of the F2 soybean population and to also assess the genetic diversity among the soybean genotypes based on SNP markers with a view of devising a breeding strategy for selection for further improvement. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The result showed that mean square due to genotypes were highly significant for all the characters except number of branches per plant. Genotypes and year of planting interacted significantly (P≤0.05 and P≤0.01) for plant height at flowering, plant height at harvesting, number of pods, total pod weight and seed yield. The genotypes recorded higher mean values of all the characters in the second year than the first year indicating that variation in environmental conditions influenced the performance of the genotypes. At the molecular level, SNP markers were used to assess the extent of polymorphism among the F2 populations and the markers showed remarkable genetic diversity among the soybean genotypes.