Racism is a belief in the superiority of one race to another which results in discrimination and prejudice towards people based on their race or ethnicity. The life of African-American colored people has been affected by racism. For this purpose, the paper tries to focus on a system where chauvinism, malevolence, and domestically sexual harassments against Pecola Breedlove whose only target is to achieve beauty, which means happiness and survival. The novel portrays the effect of discrimination on a budding teenager’s sexual being that put her in a gloomy and scary atmosphere from where the character was unable to leap out. The novel shows the prejudices that create a crater in the black man’s psyche and his unexposed aggression on the white world led to his psychological repression. Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye presents black cultural heritage and solicits the African-American to be proud of female black identity. Thus, this paper would like to examine the nature of the black people’s struggle for their race and endurance in a multicultural postcolonial white America.

Rural-urban migration is the movement of people from countryside to cities or towns. Such migrations are likely to cause rural-urban disconnect which is characterized by the weakening of social ties between urban migrants and the elderly in the countryside. This study intended to establish the extent to which rural-urban migration of the elderly persons’ offspring influenced social exclusion of the elderly in Alego-Usonga. The study established that migration of elderly persons’ offspring had an influence on the livelihood of the elderly persons left behind by their migrant offspring. The study found that migration was largely motivated by the search for employment opportunities in urban centres. This was due to limited employment opportunities in Alego-Usonga which is largely rural and by extension, having limited opportunities to absorb the unemployed youth. This coupled with rural hardship and the negative perception of the younger migrant population towards rural life contributed to out-migration and disconnect. Limited physical contact between migrant offspring and the elderly persons left behind was defined by the limited rural visits by the migrant offspring as well as the minimal elderly persons’ visit to the migration destinations to interact with their migrant offspring. Lastly the study established that majority of elderly persons felt socially excluded as a result of migration of their offspring to urban areas. Therefore, the findings confirm that indeed migration of elderly persons’ offspring to urban areas influenced social exclusion of the elderly in Alego-Usonga and by extension contributed to the rural-urban disconnect.

The paper presents the history and development of the Austrian industrial holding. The authors also deal with the Act governing the operations of the Austrian holding, as well as the organizational structure, portfolio value, dividends, and privatization revenues. Finally, the importance of the Austrian industrial holding for the Republic of Austria is summarized. The Austrian holding also plays an important role in international cooperation, especially when it comes to the OECD principles of corporate governance.