Turkey because it is located in a semi-arid region precipitation varies greatly according to season and region. However, the increase in summer temperatures caused by climate change in Turkey, reduced winter rainfall, loss of surface waters, droughts that are more frequent, floods and erosion affects directly threatens water resources. This paper is about the water occupancy rates of Çermikler Dam in Sivas province. In this context, the water occupancy rate data of Çermikler Dam between 2015 and 2019 were evaluated. While the lowest water occupancy rate was determined as 6.2% in 2018, the highest water occupancy rate was determined as 42.0% in 2019. The average annual water occupancy rate of Çermikler Dam between 2015 and 2019 has been calculated as 24.50%. This indicates that Çermikler Dam is affected by drought. Therefore, droughts in Kızılırmak Basin where Çermikler Dam is located should be monitored. Accordingly, the waters of the Çermikler Dam should be managed. It is very important to use water rationally and efficiently.

ABC superfamily of bacteria is involved in the uptake of nutrients, excretion of metabolites, formation of bacterial biofilm, and is related to drug resistance. E. coli contains about 70 ABC transporters, equivalent to 5% of the genome. E. coli is predicted to have 11 export pumps, some of which are related to drug resistance. YbhFSR is one of them. In this paper, the permeable enzyme YbhS of the YbhFSR pump was systematically bioinformatics analyzed and gene knockout was carried out by Red recombination method, laying a foundation for subsequent studies on the function of YbhFSR transporter.

Indigenous chicken production has become an important source of income and protein for many households especially in the developing economies. This study was conducted to identify the common resources used and determine their level of influence on indigenous chicken production in selected wards of Kitui county using the production function approach Primary data was collected by administering structured questionnaires on 120 respondents. A multistage sampling procedure was applied where four sub counties where purposively selected followed by random selection of four wards from each sub county. Finally, 10 respondents were randomly selected from each ward. The questionnaire response rate was 83% and therefore 100 questionnaires were used for analysis. The study established that, the resources used by the indigenous chicken farmers were; poultry house, feeds, feeding traps, water traps, veterinary services and hired labour. The results of the stochastic production frontier showed that the costs of the identified resources significantly influenced the level on indigenous chicken production in the study area. Based on the results, the study suggests that: 1. there was need to educated farmers on optimum production techniques in order to cut down on costs and adjust their scale of production to match the costs and 2. Extension officers should help in mobilizing farmers into small self help groups through which the government and nongovernmental organization can assist the farmers.