Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was introduced in 1997. The aim of this article was to evaluate how CBCT are being used in dental clinics and identify different factors such as workflow of CBCT scan procedure and indications of CBCT. The most common indications for CBCT are implant treatment planning, planning for orthodontic mini-implants, evaluation of periodontal structures, airway, and temporomandibular joint. The enhancements in the digital software can be used for evaluation of CBCT such as contrast, brightness, zoom, etc. The interpretation of CBCT is performed by dentists, dental specialists, and oral radiologists. There are some challenges in CBCT such as artifacts and cost. However, the utility of CBCT may offset these disadvantages when indicated. This review articles describes how dentists use the CBCT in their clinical practice.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea is a complex disorder and has the characteristic finding of collapse of the upper airway during sleep. The effects of OSA may be widespread and can affect the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and neurocognitive systems. OSA has higher prevalence in men than women. The clinical symptoms can help to identify patients with OSA but it is also common to have no signs and symptoms in the initial stages. Obesity can be a contributing factor for OSA. OSA is identified as a major factor for cardiovascular morbidity such a systemic and pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and other arrhythmias. The screening for OSA includes the use of symptom questionnaire, CBCT for airway measurements, and confirmed by polysomnography. The management primarily includes the use of continuous positive airway pressure, orthodontic options, and surgical options.

There is an increased tendency for researchers to focus on the methods accelerating tooth movement due to the high demand by adult patients for short orthodontic treatment duration. Unfortunately, longer orthodontic treatment duration poses certain risks such as increase likelihood for caries, gingival recession, and root resorption. This also leads to a higher demand to identify the methods to increase tooth movement with minimum possible side-effects. The purpose of this review is to describe the success approaches in acceleration of tooth movement and to highlight their pros and cons. Biological methods of tooth movement have shown that cytokines, RANKL show good results for accelerating tooth movement and raloxifene is best used for retention as it decreases relapse. Osteotomy and corticotomy are useful in increasing the rate of tooth movement but are invasive. Osteoperforations is less invasive and can give good results for acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement.