The objective of this research is to determine the contribution of external public debt on poverty reduction in Cameroon, from 1990 to 2015. The methodological set was inspired from works publish by the IMF in 2003, on the impact of the external public debt on poverty in countries with low income. Considering indicators used by the IMF, in a similar evaluation which are; Life expectancy at birth, Infant mortality rate, and Primary gross enrolment rate, to measure poverty. For our evaluation, the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method implemented under Eviews (analytical software) are used to come out with the results. These results bring out the fact that, the external public debt, has a direct and significant effect on poverty through the per capita income on indicators mention above. It equally affects poverty indirectly through economic growth and development. It is thus suggested an improved debt management and the optimization of the external public debt, with poverty reduction as the target.

Teachers who use transformational leadership on their students raise the students' degree of value, maturity, and well-being. In their capacity as transformative leaders, teachers approach their students without resorting to coercion, but rather by virtue of morality. This study aimed to determine the effect of openness to experience, self-regulation, and growth mindset on transformational leadership reviewed from the academic model. The analysis in this study employs a quantitative methodology. The response rate is 33% out of 109 total population, so 36 samples are analyzed in this study. The data will be analyzed using regression analysis using Smart PLS software. The result of the study showed that (1) there is sufficient evidence to support the effect of openness to experience on transformational leadership; (2) there is no sufficient evidence to support the effect of self-regulation on transformational leadership; (3) there is no sufficient evidence to support the effect of growth mindset on transformational leadership; (4) there is no sufficient evidence to support the claim that academic model moderates the effect of openness to experience on transformational leadership; (5) there is no sufficient evidence to support the claim that academic model moderates the effect of self-regulation on transformational leadership;(6) there is no sufficient evidence to support the claim that academic model moderates the effect of growth mindset on transformational leadership.

Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) handle enormous sums of cash and routinely transfer monies across countries. NPOs have historically functioned under fewer formal regulatory controls and a less rigorous administrative and financial management style. Criminal and terrorist misuse is said to be more likely in the industry. The abuse of nonprofits by terrorist entities has a long history, business, and financial indicators. They are often utilizing in industries where prevention is critical. Indicators can improve forewarning, allowing for the mitigation of dangers before they materialize or detecting existing misuse. Numerous elements were founded in the case studies that showed that an NPO was being abused or was at high risk of being abused. These elements have been compiled in this chapter to assist all stakeholders, including nonprofits, government actors, financial institutions, and designated non-financial businesses or professions (DNFBPs), in identifying and investigating potential cases of abuse within a specific NPO the more significant NPO sector. While the list of indicators provided here is extensive and global in scope, it is not exhaustive; there are likely to be additional indications peculiar to certain settings found within specific national jurisdictions, as per FATF Recommendation 1 (national risk assessment).