Though using parallel evolutionary algorithm to solve large-scale TSP problems is efficient, the parallel computer costs too much and the algorithm is not easy to expand. To address this issue, I propose a parallel genetic algorithm based on a gene pool under the existing network. To replace the group-genes in the evolutionary algorithm with the genes from the gene pool, the algorithm conducts greedy algorithm. The host process conducts greedy algorithm and improved evolutionary algorithm of Inver-over operator while the child process performs the improved hybrid genetic algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate that this algorithm achieves a better solution.

Purpose: Transport facilities help in developing access with the rural-urban linkages. Road accessibility can reduce isolation, stimulate crop production and marketing activities, encourage public services and help to transfer technology. the research is to analyze the transport planning requirement of Devchuli Municipality. Design/Methodology/Approach: Paired t-test were also carried out to test the possible effect of MTMP to the shopkeepers owners from the formula t= d'/(Sd/√n) Where, Sd= √ Ʃ(d-d')2/(n-1) d'=Ʃd/n. Findings/Result: The major problems in the road section was found dusty earthen surface, no required side drain and footpath, no required retaining structures, sharp bends and no traffic sign and signals. Municipality is also facing about problems of Bus Park, Right of Way and Setback issues. MoFALD initiated the concept of MTMP. The major purpose of MTMP is to integrate/tie up the various sectors in well managed municipal road networks. MIM, IDPM, VCDP, MTPP are the major features of MTMP. This road provides various services to the people and have high potentials. Municipality has set visions surrounding it. Various sectorial developments can be achieved after proper implementation of MTMP. It was found that MTMP is rational due to overloaded traffic vehicles and high potentialities surrounding ring road. The responses and expected developments made MTMP legitimate. Originality/Value: Proposed road and its structure, adopted planning process and participation of stakeholder made it feasible. Participation of political persons and beneficiaries in preparation of MTMP and their responses showed politically viable and socially acceptable while assessing implement ability of MTMP.

Shells, probably like no other product of nature, have played an important role in the history of mankind. The pre-Hispanic civilizations of Ibero-America also used certain type of shells profusely in their religious ceremonies, in particular, in Ecuador there were two species of main importance, the Spondylus princeps and the Spondylus calcifer broadly employed to manufacture ornaments that possess a strong symbolic, religious and social meaning and that were almost exclusively used by ruling classes. Among these ornaments, the faces carved on the Spondylus shells are little known. In the present study, we chose a total of fifteen (15) pieces from the Pastor Restrepo Lince´s archaeomalacology collection to understand the possible uses of these objects, through the interpretation of the gestures represented on the faces, their dimensions, and their geographical distribution in pre-Hispanic Ecuador. To achieve the proposed objective, we approach the present investigation from the perspective of the formal analysis of concepts, which is a mathematical theory of representation of knowledge, finding that these faces carved in Spondylus, were used daily or in special ceremonial occasions and that its use was common in all the regional cultures of ancient Ecuador, from the oldest such as Valdivia, and for more than 2000 years, indicating a long tradition of the use of Spondylus as an object of great symbolic and economic value until the arrival of the Spanish.