Being able to charge electronic devices anywhere is a modern-day problem. That said, ‘Made in China’ external charging devices can solve this problem to some extent. However, these devices are often poor quality and can be a fire hazard. To address this issue, the author suggests using an electromagnetic spread spectrum, which is highly related to harvesting electrical energy from clean, renewable energy sources, and then transmitted to charge all types of electrical devices. By applying this author’s proposed probability-random variables assignment — each type of electromagnetic wave is associated with a special channel with a centralised management information system controlled in the background. Such design can avoid EM-wave interference and encourage a delicate (or special) channel for energy transmitting. Hence, it can solve electrical devices charging problem or one may get the device charged anywhere and any time. Furthermore, with a professional electronic circuit design, together with meta-materials coated on the surface of a set antenna block, 90–100% of harvested renewable-clean energy might be transmitted. There is an alternative way of charging by using inductive coils; however, there are some defects in such case. Further advance is the introduction of electromagnetic wormhole which can shield human beings from the influence of magnetic flux outside the tunnel during charging.

efficacy and achievement goals together with their parents’ involvement can affect the scholar outcome. This author employs a test in whether (creating meanings) to history context can attract young teenagers in learning mathematics. Moreover, it is also interesting to have a research in its consequences Butterfly Effect (or HKLam Theory). Indeed, for the Singapore’s mathematics curriculum, meanings for historical context is used to motivate students for understand difficult mathematics concepts. However, the country lacks the application of these ideas to their daily application. It is no doubt that too much emphasis in applications will lead us into the road of traditional Babylonians – they knew much about numerical mathematics but can’t generalise our modern mathematical laws like Pythagoras Theorem. One of the applications of the Butterfly Effect (or HKLam Theory) framework is to help us establish our future digital library. The limitation is an unexpected result may happen where the framework becomes invalid. This can be remediated by using expectance to solve the problem associated.

This essay attempts to address the problem of citizenship education in Hong Kong. As an international financial hub, Hong Kong should educate the next generation to have a more globalised perspective. That is, globalisation is now steering towards the advancement of new science and technology. Hence, the world is now increasingly becoming more interconnected and interdependent. Hong Kong has reunified with China, and thus should have a better understanding of its culture and policies, etc. As such, Hong Kong’s younger generations should receive citizenship education in order to have a better understanding of its related national status. The above two schools of thought has caused heated controversy about citizenship education in Hong Kong. There is a dilemma for deciding whether a global or national priority is more important for citizenship education in Hong Kong. Furthermore, specific topics that best suit Hong Kong’s circumstances must be included in the curriculum.