Pharmacological Review of Flacourtia sepiaria (Ruxb.)
Sanjeeb Kumar Patro, Padmacharan Behera, Posa Mahesh Kumar, D.Sasmal, Ranjan Kumar Padhy, S. K. Dash
Sch Acad J Pharm | 89-93
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
Abstract
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The medicinal plants are widely used by the traditional medical practitioners for curing various diseases in
their day to day practice. Flacourtia sepiaria (Flacourtiaceae) is the most useful traditional medicinal plant in India.
Although there is no such Phytopharmacological activities has been carried out but, still it is considered as a valuable
source of unique natural products for development of medicines and targeting against various diseases. Each part of its
allied species i.e., (leaves, bark, stem, fruits, root and even whole plant) of the Flacourtia indica has demonstrated
several pharmacological activities including Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective,
Antimalarial, Anti-Diabetic, Anti asthmatic and Antibacterial Activity. The present review highlights a literature on
botanical and pharmacological discussion of Flacourtia sepiaria
Future Prospectus in Targetting Drug Delivery: A Review on Resealed Erytrocytes - A Promising Carrier
Krishnaveni.G, B.Krishnamoorthy, M.Muthukumaran
Sch Acad J Pharm | 81-88
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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In this review we focus on the various features, drug loading technology and biomedical applications of
resealed erythrocytes. Among the various carriers used for targeting drug delivery, erythrocytes constitute potential
biocompatible carriers since they possess several properties which make them unique and useful carriers. They are
biocompatible, biodegradable, possess long half lives, follow zero order release kinetics and can be loaded with a variety
of biologically active compounds using various physical and chemical methods. Drug-loaded carrier erythrocytes are
prepared by collecting blood sample from the organism of interest and separating erythrocytes from plasma. By using
various methods (membrane perturbation, Electro-insertion, entrapment by endocytosis, Hypo-osmotic lysis) the cells are
broken and the drug is entrapped into the erythrocytes, finally they are resealed and the resultant carriers are then called
“resealed erythrocytes”.
Antimicrobial activity of Novel Biodegradable Periodontal films containing Ciprofloxacin and Ornidazole
Saarangi Ramesh, Ashwin kumar.J,V.Mahesh, T.Prabhakar, P.Swamy
Sch Acad J Pharm | 70-73
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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Local controlled drug delivery system of Ciprofloxacin and Ornidazole for the treatment of periodontitis is
highly advantageous. For the present investigation, polycaprolactone strips containing Ciprofloxacin and Ornidazole in
different ratios were prepared by solution casting method using acetone. All strips were cross-linked by exposing to the
vapours of 2% v/v glutaraldehyde in water. The growth inhibition zone on the agar plate was measured by using oral
bacteria Streptococcus mutans. The result showed that the crosslinked film with higher percentage of Ornidazole
concentration retained the inhibition of growth for prolonged period of time
Characteristic Analysis of Crude and Purified α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 6346 and comparison with Commercial enzyme
A. Vengadaramana, S. Balakumar, V. Arasaratnam
Sch Acad J Pharm | 31-35
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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Thermostable -amylases are generally used for industrial applications. The objective of this study is to
compare the kinetic properties of crude and purified -amylase from Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 6346 with commercial
(TermamylR, NOVO industries from Denmark) -amylase from Bacillus licheniformis. Commercial and crude -
amylases showed zero order kinetics for 10 min while purified -amylase showed 8 min at pH 7.0 and 85oC. The
activities of crude, purified and commercial -amylases were measured at different temperatures ranging from 40 to
95oC and the optimum temperature for the activities of crude and purified enzymes was 85oC while that for the
commercial enzyme was 90oC. The optimum pH was 7.0 for the crude, purified and commercial enzymes at 85oC. When
the crude enzyme was pre-incubated at 85oC and at pH 7.0, it lost 40% of its initial activity at 10 min while the purified
enzyme lost 75% of its initial activity at 10 min and the commercial enzyme did not lose activity at 10 min. Half-life of
crude and purified -amylases were 13.9 and 4.7min respectively while that for commercial enzyme was 823.97 min at
pH 7.0 and 85oC
Determination of the active chemical compounds in the stem bark of Vitex trifolia Linn.
Resmi Mustarichie, Danni Ramdhani, Nyi Mekar Saptarini, Supriyatna and Anas Subarnas
Sch Acad J Pharm | 36-40
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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Vitex trifolia Linn. is known as a plant with compounds having antioxidant and anticancer activity. The
current repot was conducted to isolate the stem bark of this plant in ethanol fraction. Ethanol extract concentrated and
dissolved in ethyl acetate, extracted with 5% NaHCO3, washed with NaOH three times, and then concentrated. Ethyl
acetate extract fraction that had been further concentrated and separated by chromatography column, and purified by
recrystallization. From the results obtained recrystallized fraction 12th and 13th. Examination of this fraction by proton
1
H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR Spectrometer, and mass spectometer and comparison with existing literature, it can be concluded
that this study succeeded in obtaining the β-sitosterol crystals and crystal mixture of aromatic compounds and β-
sitosterol.
A GC-MS method for the Determination of Mancozeb and Metiram (as CS2) residues in Aquatic Tox medium
Tentu. Nageswara Rao, D. Sreenivasulu, T.B. Patrudu, K.M.S Sreenivas, Botsa. Parvatamma
Sch Acad J Pharm | 41-46
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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A simple, and sensitive validated GCMS-EI analytical method was developed for the determination of
dithiocarbamates (Mancozeb and Metiram) residues in different aquatic tox mediums. The tox mediums were those
which provide nutrients and help the growth of different aquatic organisms for their survival and multiplication. The
constituent of different mediums includes blended water for fish, M4 Medium for Daphnia magna, OECD TG 201
medium for Alga and 20XAAP Medium for lemna. The dithiocarbamates residue involves the reduction of
ditioncarbonate moiety under strong acidic conditions in presence of stannous chloride (SnCl2) as reducing agent,
evolution of carbon disulfide (CS2) insitu extraction of the CS2 into a layer of iso-octane subsequently analysis of
CS2 content by GC–MS in SIM mode. The established optimum conditions provided 5.0 min retention for CS2 and the
total time of chromatographic analysis was 7.0 min. The linear graph has the lowest detection 0.01 mg/L. The lowest
limit of quantification was 0.03 mg/L. The method was validated at levels of 0.03 and 0.3 mg/L. Recovery spiked
samples of mancozeb and Metiram in different mediums were in the range 91-98%, with relative standard deviations
0.78 to 2.2 % (n=5). The proposed method can be applied successfully for the determination of dithiocarbamate residues
in different aquatic solutions
A Review on Simple, Rapid and Validated Methods for Estimation of Salbutamol Sulphate from Pharmaceutical Formulations
Anees Pangal, Javed Shaikh
Sch Acad J Pharm | 47-54
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
Abstract
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Various methods which are simple, sensitive and rapid are described for the estimation of salbutamol sulphate
(SBS) in bulk drug and in tablet dosage forms using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), bromate–bromide solution (BBS), four
dyes, rhodamine-B and methylene blue, DONA & DPNA, as reagents and β-Cyclodextrin (BCD) as complexing agent.
These methods allow semimicro and microlevel determination of SBS in authentic samples and in dosage forms. The
methods were successfully applied to the assay of SBS in tablet and capsule formulations and the results were
statistically compared. The accuracy and reliability of the methods were further accompanied by recovery experiments
via the standard-addition technique.
Isolation, production and partial purification of l-asparaginase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa by solid state fermentation
S. Komathi, G. Rajalakshmi, S. Savetha, S. Balaji
Sch Acad J Pharm | 55-59
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amido hydrolase, E.C.3.5.1.1) is an extracellular enzyme having potential
therapeutic applications. In the present study, production and partial purification of L-asparaginase fromPseudomonas
aeruginosausing solid state fermentation was carried out. It is inferred thatthe bacterial growth was observed in cetrimide
agar medium after 48 hours of incubation. The isolatePseudomonas aeruginosa was identified based on the
morphological and biochemical characteristics. The isolated strainwas subjected to solid fermentation techniques along
with Soya bean meal maker as substrate. The high amount of enzyme, L- asparaginase production was observed on
optimal medium under 30 minutes incubation. Further, the enzyme activity was recorded maximum at 40ºC. Similarly
the molecular weight of enzyme was confirmed following the enzyme pattern analysis using SDS PAGE and found to be
39000 Daltons.
Design and Evaluation of Biodegradable Periodontal films containing Ciprofloxacin and Ornidazole
Ashwin kumar J, Saarangi Ramesh, Ramesh.J, B.Sudhakar, P.Goverdhan Reddy
Sch Acad J Pharm | 60-69
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
Abstract
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Local controlled drug delivery system of Ciprofloxacin and Ornidazole for the treatment of periodontitis is
highly advantageous. For the present investigation, polycaprolactone strips containing Ciprofloxacin and Ornidazole in
different ratios were prepared by solution casting method using acetone. All strips were cross-linked by exposing to the
vapours of 2% v/v glutaraldehyde in water. FT-IR and UV spectroscopic methods revealed that there was no interaction
between drugs and polymer. The patches were evaluated for their thickness uniformity, folding endurance, weight
uniformity, content uniformity, percentage moisture loss, tensile strength, percentage elongation, in vitro antibacterial
activity, and surface pH. Data of in vitro release from films were fit to different equations and kinetic models to explain
release profiles. Kinetic models used were zero and first-order equations, Hixon-Crowell, Higuchi and Korsmeyer’sPeppas models. Short-term stability study revealed that drug content decreased in various patches was negligible. Crosslinked formulations were considered as the best formulations
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigation of Achyranthes Aspera Linn.
Rishikesh, Md. Moshfiqur Rahman, Md. Rasheful Goffar, Muhammad Rakib Al Mamun, Parboti Rani Dutta, Md.Abdullah Al Maruf
Sch Acad J Pharm | 74-80
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
Abstract
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The methanol extract of Achyranthes aspera Linn. (Family- Amaranthaceae) the herb was studied for its
Phytochemical and some Pharmacological activities. The study of the herb extracts indicated the presence of flavonoides,
tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. The pharmacological study includes thrombolytic and cytotoxic activity. They showed
significant cytotoxic effect in Brine shrimp lethality bioassay where the plant extracts exhibited LC50 =3.80µg/ml and LC90
=7.04µg/ml (after 18 hour); LC50 =3.31µg/ml and LC90 =6.36µg/ml (after 21 hour); LC50 =2.18µg/ml and LC90 =5.29µg/ml (after
24 hour). This study gave a significant indication to the use of the plant extract as a potential source for cytotoxic compounds. In
the thrombolytic activity of standard was found 76.08% and for A. aspera was 36.49%, which indicates moderate
thrombolytic activity. Based on the findings of thrombolytic and toxicological activity, we can say that Achyranthes
aspera may contain some novel compounds that possess potent anti-mutagenic activity and clot lysis property
Exploration of the antistaphylococcic activity of Vitex doniana (Verbenaceae) stem bark extracts
OUATTARA Abou, COULIBALY Adama, ADIMA Amissa Augustin, OUATTARA Karamoko
Sch Acad J Pharm | 94-100
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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The goal of that study was to test the antibacterial activity of the different extracts of Vitexdoniana on three
strains of the Staphylococcus aureus: S. aureus Meti-S, S. aureus Meti-R and S. aureus ATCC 25923. Two methods have
been used: they are agar well diffusion and the macrodilution method in liquid medium (macrobroth dilution method).
Among all the tested strains, ethanolic 70 %, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts have given the inhibition diameters
included between 11 and 26 mm whereas the aqueous extract has only been active on S. aureus Meti-S with an inhibition
diameter of 17 mm. The values obtained with the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of (MIC) are between 0.39 and
53.57 mg/mL and those of Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) are between 0.39 and 107.14 mg/mL. Moreover,
the ethyl acetate extract has shown the best activity against all the tested strains with 3.12, 0.39 and 3.12 mg/mL as MBC
respectively on S. aureus Meti-R, S. aureus Meti-S and S. aureus ATCC 25923
Fabrication of Ophthalmic Insitu Gel of Diclofenac Potassium and its Evaluation
Subimol S , Ani Sree G S, Radhakrishnan. M
Sch Acad J Pharm | 101-106
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
Abstract
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Ophthalmic formulations in the form of insitu gel system can be applied as solution or suspension that
undergoes gelation after administration. Diclofenac Pottasium is one of the commonly used nonsteroidal antiinflamatory
drug usually for the treatment of inflammation. Insitu gel formulation of diclofenal potassium ophthalmic drug delivery
system used to reduce the inflammation caused by various diseases as well as to prevent postoperative inflammation in
cataract surgery. Insitu gel formulation of ophthalmic delivery of diclofenac was fabricated using sodium alginate and
hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose in different concentrations under aseptic conditions. Various evaluation tests as well as
stability testing of formulations were carried out to identify the ideal formulation.From the parameters,the ideal
formulation was identified, that having the polymer combination of Sodium alginate and Hydroxy propyl methyl
cellulose in the ratio of .Thus the formulation canbe utilized for its sustained release property that may improve patient
compliance.
Anti-Arthritic Activity of Roots Extract of Boerhaavia Diffusa in Adjuvant Induced Arthritis Rats
Vaibhav Kumar Dapurkar, Gyanesh Kumar Sahu, Harish Sharma, Swati Meshram, Gopal Rai
Sch Acad J Pharm | 107-109
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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The extract of the root of the plant Boerhaavia diffusa was studied for their Anti rheumatoid activity in
Freunds Adjuvant Induced Arthritis Rats with the dose of 500 and 1000 mg/kg p. o. The administration of extract
reported significant reduction in paw swelling on 4th, 8th, 14th and 21st day after sub-plenter administration of Complete
Freunds adjuvant. The paw swelling was measured as a volume displacement using digital Plethysmometer. From the
results observed in the present investigation, it may be concluded that the extract of Boerhaavia diffusa possesses
potentially useful anti-arthritic activity in Complete Freunds Adjuvant model
Need of Organizational Human Resource Management Practices in Pharmaceutical Academic Institutes
Madhumita Sarkar, Biresh Kumar Sarkar, Hemant Patel
Sch Acad J Pharm | 110-112
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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The practices of managing people have changed as per current scenario. The basic duties of human resources
management involves staffing activities such as hiring and firing, keeping personnel records and organizing other
personnel activities. But currently public and private organizations can no longer afford to look at people as a commodity
to be exploited to exhaustion and then discarded. The purpose of this study was to analysis of current human resource
management practices on academic level. The study used a descriptive research design; different respondents were
selected using stratified random sampling method. Data was collected using semi structured questionnaires and was
analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings suggested that training, motivational programmes, development
programme (staff development and quality improvement programme, workshop, seminar, conferences), award and
supervisory support are the currently utilized H. R. management practices at academic level. It also revealed that
performance appraisal and employee participation in decision making have been practiced to a very little extent. The
concluding section recommends that higher authority should carefully re-evaluate the extent to which innovative HR
practices could be implemented within their departments. Study also suggests that the HR policies should be executed
properly as meant for the specific purpose so to get maximum benefits of such management practices.
Evaluation of anti-diabetic activity of Lycopene and its synergistic effect with Metformin hydrochloride and Glipizide in Alloxan induced diabetes in rats
T. Haribabu, Dr. Kalyani Divakar, Dr. Divakar Goli
Sch Acad J Pharm | 119-124
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-diabetic activity of Lycopene and its synergistic effect
with Metformin hydrochloride and Glipizide in Alloxan induced diabetes in rats. Lycopene at a dose of 2 and 4 mg/kg
were selected for the investigation of antidiabetic activity alone and combination with Glipizide and Metformin .
Diabetes was induced by s.c. injection of alloxan monohydrate (110 mg/kg) in healthy male albino wistar rats. Serum
glucose, cholesterol, HDL were evaluated for the assessment of antidiabetic activity of Lycopene. Lycopene alone and
combination with Glipizide and Metformin decrease the serum glucose, cholesterol and increase the HDL levels.
Lycopene alone showed very significant antidiabetic activity on 14th day of the treatment and blood glucose level came
to normal on 21st day of treatment. Lycopene in combination with Glipizide and Metformin showed the very significant
antidiabetic activity on 14th day of the treatment and blood glucose level came to normal on 21st day of treatment
Evaluation of In-vitro Anti-oxidant and Cytotoxicity activity of Aqueous extract of Pergularia daemia
Kadam Balaji,G.Manasa,A.Amarender Reddy,M.Nagaraju,T.Srikanth,Saarangi Ramesh
Sch Acad J Pharm | 125-129
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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The plant Pergularia daemia (Asclepiadaceae) is traditionally used as a medicinal agent and they are widely
distributed to tropical and subtropical region of India. Therefore, the present work has been designed to evaluate
antioxidant and cytotoxicity potential of Pergularia daemia so as to claim folklore uses of P. daemia. The in vitro antioxidant activity was studied using DPPH Scavenging, Nitric Oxide Scavenging and β-carotene-linoleate scavenging
model and cytotoxic activity of AEPD was studied by the MTT assay using using A-549 (Human, Lung
Carcinoma) HT- 29 (Colon Carcinoma) cell lines. AEPD was studied at different concentrations, in which it
showed a moderate to potent activity which confirms that it is having cytotoxic activity. AEPD was also studied
for its in vitro antioxidant property by different methods. AEPD has a hydrogen donating property, which may be
attribute to the good antioxidant activity. The in vitro data suggest that the extract is having both the in vitro
antioxidant and cytotoxicity activity
One Pot Synthesis of Pyrido [1,2-a]Pyrimidine Derivatives and Screen their Biological Properties
Vartale S.P, Halikar N.K, Jadhav A.G, Chavan S.B, Patwari S.B
Sch Acad J Pharm | 130-134
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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The ethyl 2-cyano-3,3-bis(methylthio)acrylate (1) on treatment with 2-amino pyridine (2) in ethanol and
catalytic amount of TEA, gives 3-cyano-7-methyl-4-oxo-2-(methylthio)-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine(3).The latter were
further reacted with selected N-,O-,and C- nucleophiles such as aryl amines, hetryl amines, substituted phenols and
compounds containing an active methylene groups.
Review on a potential herb Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br.
P. Suresh Kumar, Suresh. E, S.Kalavathy
Sch Acad J Pharm | 135-143
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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The beginning of civilization, human beings have worshiped plants and such plants are conserved as a genetic
resource and used as food, fodder, fibre, fertilizer, fuel, febrifuge and in every other way. Calotropis gigantea is one such
plant. In this review the systematic position, vernacular names, vegetative characters, Ecology and distribution,
phytochemistry and the economical values of the Calotropis gigantea are discussed
Drug Targeting By Erythrocytes: A Carrier System
Kumar Vishal Saurabh, Srishty Rani, Shweta Rani, A. Kesari
Sch Acad J Pharm | 144-156
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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Carrier erythrocytes is resealed erythrocytes loaded by a drug or by other therapeutic Agents, have been
exploited extensively in recent years for both temporally and spatially controlled delivery of a wide variety of drugs and
other bioactive agent sowing to their remarkable degree of biocompatible, biodegradability and a series of potential
advantages. Biopharmaceuticals, therapeutically significant peptides and proteins, nucleic acid-based biological, antigens
and vaccines, are among the recently focused pharmaceuticals for being delivered using carrier erythrocytes. In this
articles the potential application of erythrocytes in drug deliver drug deliver have been reviewed with a particular stress
on the studies and laboratory experiences on successful erythrocyte loading and characterization of different classes of
drugs.
