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Plants have been an important source of medicine for thousands of years. The World Health Organization estimates that up to 80% of people use plants which has traditional remedies such as herbs. Chrysanthemum indicum is an important medicinal plant spreading widely in most part of the world, belonging to the Family- Compositae. Almost all of its parts are used in Ayurvedic and modern systems of medicine, leaves and flowers are the most important part in the field of medicine and drug. In the present study, in vitro regeneration and antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts were carried out. The plant was found to possess antibacterial activity against some of the pathogens

4-thiazolidinone and their derivatives were possessed a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antiinflamatory , analgesic, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal), local and spinal anaesthetics, CNS stimulants, hypnotics, anti HIV, hypoglycemic, anticancer, FSH receptor agonist and CFTR inhibitor etc. The objective of the present work is to synthesize N-[2-(4-substituted phenyl)-4-oxo-1, 3-thiazoldine-3-yl]-2-(naphthalene-2- yloxy) acetamide and evaluate for antidepressant activities by forced swim and tail suspension test. Three compounds were synthesized and they were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and Mass Spectral studies. The determination of melting point, solubility studies were carried out. Imipramine was used as the standard drug. Two of the synthesized compounds V1 and V3 were found to be significant in Forced Swim Test, while only compound V1 was found to be significant in Tail suspension test when compared with the standard drug Imipramine

A simple, accurate, precise and economical Uv-method for estimation of Artesunate and Mefloquine HCL was developed. For analysis of Artesunate and Mefloquine HCl, 242nm and 256nm wavelengths were used respectively. The linearity range for Artesunate and Mefloquine HCl were 20-140µg/ml & 50-350µg/ml. Results of analysis were validated statistically, recovery studies for ART were 98.33-100.33 & for MEF 101.33-101.92. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.13μg/ml and 0.39μg/ml for ART. For MEF the LOD and LOQ values were found to be 1.53µg/ml & 2.21µg/ml the method was validated as per ICH guidelines.

Simple spectrophotometric method for assay of halofantrine, a poorly aqueous soluble drug, in pure and tablet dosage forms by the principles of single hydrotropic solubilization using 4 M sodium acetate and 5 M sodium citrate was developed and validated. Solubility of halofantrine in distilled water and each of the hydrotropes were determined. The percentage label claim of halofantrine in bulk and tablet forms was estimated spectrophotometrically. The method was validated for accuracy, linearity, precision, specificity and robustness. Findings showed that solubility of halofantrine was enhanced by a factor of 11 and 18 in 4 M sodium acetate and 5 M sodium citrate respectively. Beer-Lambert’s calibration curves were linear at concentration of 2-20 μg/mL (r2=0.999 and % RSD < 2 both intra- and inter-day). Analysis of commercial tablets were found to contain 99.6 – 101.6 % of halofantrine while % recoveries in both hydrotropes range from 99.9 to 101.4, % RSD and % CV were < 2 with low standard error. Intra- and inter-day CV were <0.40, LOQ and LOD were 0.925, 0.742 and 0.627, 0.420 in both hydrotropes respectively. The developed method was simple, specific, selective, reproducible and robust for routine analysis of halofantrine in pure and tablet dosage forms

The study aims to determine the patterns of skin diseases among the patients who visited the dermatology department of K.S. Hegde Charitable Hospital. It also involves the study on prescribing patterns on those patients with skin disorders. A total of 400 patients with skin diseases were selected during the five months study period. Out of this, 191 patients were males and 209 patients were females. The majority of patients were in the age group of 21-30 years. The prevalence of allergic skin disease was found to be highest which includes eczema 66 (16.5%), followed by dermatitis 59 (14.75%), urticaria 30 (7.5%) and Polymorphic Light Eruption 19 (4.75%). The second most were the fungal infections. Tinea infections (10.25%) constitute the most common which include T. incognito, T. corporis, T. cruris, T. vulgaris. P. versicolor followed by intertrigo (2.75%). In sebaceous hair follicle disorders, acne and alopecia were identified. The commonly prescribed drugs were antihistamines (25.6%) followed by antifungals (24.5%), antibiotics (15%) and corticosteroids (12.5%). Antifungals including ketoconazole and fluconazole were found to be used widely. The next common class of drug prescribed was antibiotics where doxycycline and mupirocin was highly prescribed. It was concluded that eczema was the highest presentation and antihistamines was the most commonly prescribed drugs.

Marine microorganisms, whose immense genetic and biochemical diversity is only beginning to be appreciated, look likely to become a rich source of novel chemical entities for the discovery of more effective drugs. The present study was performed to evaluate the insecticidal potential of Actinomycetes isolated from the soils of the Dublarchar and Kochikhali, Bangladesh. The actinomycete isolates were identified by various parameters such as colony morphology, spore arrangement, staining, and biochemical reactions. Insecticidal activity of different concentrations of ethanolic extract of the isolates was determined against the second instar larvae of Sitophilus oryzae. The larvicidal effect, in terms of mortality of larvae, of the extracts was determined by counting the number of dead larvae after 24 hours. Ten actinomycete isolates were recovered from the soil sample and one was subjected to identify (Due to potent antibacterial activity) as the species of Streptomyces on the basis of microscopic, biochemical, and staining characteristics. The insecticidal potential of ethanolic extracts, in terms of larval mortality, was found to be dose dependent. The isolate showed a marked insecticidal activity. At a concentration of 24mg/ml, the isolate caused 100% mortality of the larvae. The lethal conc. 50 was found 3.16mg/ml. Isolation and characterization of active constituents from the ethanol extract possessing insecticidal potential are to be investigated

This article to investigate the effectiveness of using Niosomes in a transdermal drug delivery system for Econazole. Topically applied Niosomes can increase the longer action on the skin (stratum corneum and epidermis), while reducing the systemic absorption of the drug. Econazole is a imidazole antifungal agent used in the treatment of Candida infections, fungal infections. Econazole Niosome was prepared by Thin Film Hydration Technique by varying the cholesterol and surfactant ratios as 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 Each formulation was evaluated for drug release. The release showing required amount of drug release per day as well as extended for the required day is the optimized formulation. Hence, B formulation is the optimized one

A simple, accurate, precise and sensitive Spectrophotometric method was developed for the estimation of Stavudine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The estimation of Stavudine was carried out at maximum absorbance of 270 nm. The method was found to be linear and obeys Beer’s law in the concentration range of 1-14 mcg / ml. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines and was found to be accurate and precise. Thus the proposed method can be successfully applied for the estimation of Stavudine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.

A Simple, accurate, precise and economical procedure was developed for UV Spectroscopic estimation of Lamivudine in pure state and in its pharmaceutical formulation. The developed method is based upon complex formation of the drug with methyl red reagent. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 0.5-5 μg/ml. Calibration curve was constructed by plotting absorbance values against concentrations, which gave good regression values. The method was validated statistically and recovery study was performed to confirm the accuracy of the method

Global warming and climate change have resulted in unexpected drought, stormy rainfalls, extremely high temperature, cold damage and hurricanes in many places around the world where such disastrous tragedy had never occurred in the past decades. Establishing an environmental friendly co-existing mechanism on earth is of vital importance. In recent years, agrochemicals are extensively applied to obtain higher yield. Intensive application of agrochemicals leads to several agricultural problems and poor cropping systems. Farmers use more chemical fertilizers than the recommended levels for many crops. Excessive use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer not only accelerates soil acidification but also risks contaminating groundwater and the atmosphere. The extensive research program on beneficial bacteria and fungi has resulted in the development of a wide range of bio-fertilizers, which satisfied the nutrient requirements of crops and increased the crop yield as well. Many experiments in greenhouses and in field conditions have revealed that different crops responded positively to microbial inoculations. In particular, successful rhizobial inoculants were applied to leguminous plants and AM fungi for muskmelons in order to increase the yield and quality. Multifunctional bio-fertilizers were developed to reduce about 1/3- 1/2 of chemical fertilizer application. In the future, enhancement and maintenance of soil fertility through microorganisms will be a very significant concern

1,3,4-Oxadiazole is a versatile heterocyclic nucleus is a novel molecule which attract the medicinal chemist to search a new therapeutic molecule, out of the various derivatives 2,5 disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole is widely exploited for various biological activities, such as antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, antiviral, anticancer, antitubercular and antioxidant etc.This review is mainly focused on oxadiazoles derivatives which are already developed and also which are currently under various stages of development

The aim of the present investigation was to develop fast dissolving tablets of Simvastatin, an lipid-lowering drug used for the reduction of VLDL. Due to its low solubility and its short biological half-life of 3 hours, fast dissolving tablets of Simvastatin were prepared using superdisintegrants in order to improve the dissolution rate, thereby the absorption. The influence of concentration of the Ac-Di-Sol was studied by a set of four formulations (F1, F2, F3, F4) with concentrations of Ac-Di-Sol viz, 2%, 3%, 4% & 5%w/w respectively. Also the influence of various superdisintegrants was studied by a set of three formulations (F4, F5 and F6) with three superdisintegrants viz, Ac-Di-Sol (5%), Croscarmellose sodium(5%), Crospovidone (5%) respectively. The formulation prepared with 5%w/w of Ac-DiSol was offered relatively rapid release of Simvastatin n when compared with other concentrations of Ac-Di-Sol. The formulation prepared with Crospovidone was offered relatively rapid release of Simvastatin when compared with other superdisintegrants. Various formulations were prepared incorporating a combination of superdisintegrants (Physical Mixtures and Co-processed Mixtures), Ac-Di-Sol and Crospovidone by direct compression method. Formulation containing Co-processed mixtures had less disintegration time as compared to the Physical mixtures. So, we can conclude that nature , concentration of the superdisintegrant and type of combination of superdisintegrants (Physical mixing vs Co-processing) showed influence on the rate of dissolution. The dissolution rate was found to follow first order kinetics