Wild mushrooms that grow in forests and field, are of different types, and it is common for the native inhabitants to consume them. Nevertheless, mushrooms are one of the most common toxic exposures, with over 12000 mushroom exposures reported at a global report by WHO Mushrooms have been used as constituents of human diet and many primal documents written in oriental countries have already described the medicinal properties of fungal species. Some mushrooms are known because of their nutritional and therapeutically properties and that causes fatal accidents every year mainly due to misidentification.

While designing some anti-convulsant hybrid molecules from a natural product, novel hydantoin (5) / thiohydantoin (8) based analogs were synthesized rationally from cuminaldehyde (1), the principal product of Cuminum cyminum (cumin) and also secondary components present in eucalyptus, cassia, and myrrh. The research was planned as literature reports potent anti-seizure activity of cumin oil, probably due to the presence of cuminaldehyde. The starting material, cuminaldehyde (1), the safe natural product was converted into intermediate Schiff’s base analogs (3) and (7) employing semicarbazide (2) / thiosemicarbazide (6). The molecule (8) demonstrated the most potent anti-MES activity at 30 mg/kg (0.5 hr) and 100 mg/kg (4 hr), respectively. Successively, the analog was cyclized by ethyl chloroacetate (4) in thr presence of fused alcoholic sodium acetate to form the compound of interest. The sophisticated analytical tools (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and Mass) and elemental analyses provided all essential characteristics and evidence of the fabricated analogs. The hydantoin hybrids were screened for their anticonvulsant activity employing the Maximal Electroshock Seizure (MES) Test. The derivative (5) exhibited lower anti-MES activity as compared to the derivative (8) and standard drug, phenytoin. The compound presented anti-MES activity at 100 mg/kg (0.5 hr) and 300 mg/kg (4 hr), respectively. The lipophilicity accounts to be the decisive factor in the expression of anti-convulsant activity. The study demonstrated new possibilities in designing pharmacologically active analogs from a natural product in the near future.

Valacyclovir hydrochloride (VCH), is L-valyl ester prodrug of acyclovir. VCH degrades in intestinal fluid. The objective of investigation was to develop floating mini-tablets of VCH to localize the drug at upper part of GIT, for improved absorption. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation method, using HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M and HPMCK100M as release retarded polymers and sodium bicarbonate as gas forming agent. The each dose of tablet was compressed with 50 mg of 14 mini-tablets, equivalent to 320 mg of VCH. The tablets were evaluated for post compression parameters includes hardness, weight variation, content uniformity, friability, in vitro buoyancy and in vitro dissolution studies were performed. DSC studies were used to reveal the drug-excipient interaction. The data obtained from the in vitro release study was fit to various kinetic models to explain the release profile of the drug. Formulation F6 containing HPMC K4M and HPMC K100M showed minimal floating lag time and remained float throughout dissolution period, while prolong the drug release of 99.51% up to 8 h, following zero order kinetics.

Today’s World Pharmaceutical formulation, in pharmaceutics, is the process in which different chemical substances are combined to a pure drug substance to produce a final medicinal product. Formulation studies involve developing a preparation of the drug which is both stable and acceptable to the patient. For orally taken drugs, this usually involves incorporating the drug into a tablet or a capsule. It is important to appreciate that a tablet contains a variety of other substances apart from the drug itself, and studies have to be carried out to ensure that the drug is compatible with these other substances. In this present study to formulate the tablet form of commiphora mukul (guggil- 100) and evaluate the preformulation characterization of a guggil-100 physical, chemical, and mechanical properties are involed the other ingredients should be used for the preparation. Formulation studies then consider such factors as pH, moisture, disintegration, friability, dissolution, particle size, polymorphism and solubility, as all of these can influence bioavailability and hence the activity of a guggil-100. In addition that to evaluate the extractive values and microbial load on the guggil-100.

Bio-surfactants are a class of surface-active molecules derived from microorganisms (yeast, fungi, bacteria). This diverse group of surface active molecules possesses both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties in their structure which allows their partitioningin the liquid/liquid, gas/liquid or solid/liquid interfacesresulting into lower interfacial tension. This facilitates their emulsification, foaming, solubilization, detergent and dispersing functioning. These nontoxic, biodegradable and eco-friendlybio-molecules are competent to replace their chemically synthesized counterparts and divulge themselves as a green alternative to be applied in the application field of food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, petrochemical, bioremediation and others. The chemical composition of bio-surfactants depends on the substrate and the microorganism present. They are also divided into two large sections based on their molecular weight namely low molecular weight and high molecular weight bio-surfactants. The high molecular weight bio-surfactants are also known as bio-emulsifiers. Apart from their well acknowledged surface properties, they are also widely active against a large number of microorganism and functioning as antimicrobials.Glycolipids are most studied low molecular weight biosurfactants, composed of different carbohydrates linked with fatty acids. They are able to form pores and destabilize biological membrane thus functioning as antibacterial, antifungal and hemolytic agents.