Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are polymeric patches containing dissolved or dispersed drug that deliver the active pharmaceutical ingredient at a constant rate through skin. Transdermal delivery has made an important contribution to medical practice by bypassing the side effects related to oral delivery and hypodermic injections. The principle of TDDS is that they could provide controlled drug delivery over a prolonged period of time. TDDS can be designed to input drug at appropriate rate to maintain plasma-drug levels for maximum therapeutic efficacy. The success of all the transdermal systems depends on the ability of the drug to permeate skin by crossing the biological barriers in sufficient quantities to achieve its desired pharmacological action. The advantage of transdermal drug delivery system is that it is painless technique of administration of drugs and can be withdrawn whenever necessary.

Automatic packaging machines are used for preparing one-dose packages with powders, granules, tablets and capsules in pharmacies in Japan. The packaging machines are not dedicated to an individual patient, which leads to contamination of the packaging for the next patient. Cleaning validation for pharmaceutical manufacturing plants is therefore considered essential for packaging machines. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate an HPLC method for assaying pranlukast (PLK) for use as PLK cleaning validation on an automatic packaging machine. A chromatographic system comprising a YMC AM12S05-1506WT column, mobile phase of CH3CN:H2O:HClO4:NaClO4=650:350:1:5 (V/V/V/W), flow rate of 1 mL/min, and UV detector set at 254 nm was used. Candesartan cilexetil (CDC) was used as an internal standard. The PLK and CDC retention times were approximately 7.1 and 10.2 min, respectively. Regression analysis found that the method was linear over the standard curve range from 0.001 to 2.000 mg/tube. Inter-day precision and accuracy ranged between 0.40 and 19.95%, and - 5.05 and 26.31%, respectively. The precision and accuracy values were under 10% and inside a range of -10% to 10% without 0.001 mg/tube. Therefore, the lower limit of quantification was inferred to be 0.001 mg/tube. A swabbing procedure using non-woven fabric swabs containing ethanol for disinfection was validated. Mean recoveries from a stainless steel tray and a plastic tray for Onon® drysyrup which was a pharmaceutical preparation of PLK were101.6 ± 2.55% (mean ± SD, n=3) and 101.9 ± 0.85%, respectively.

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional abnormalities of myocardium resulting in the inability of the heart to meet the oxygen demands of the body. In the developed countries approximately 1-2% of the adult population and globally more than 26 million people affected by Heart failure. It is estimated that about 5.7 million adults within the United States are diagnosed with heart failure. In all deaths, across the nation one in nine deaths enclosed failure as a contributive cause. Annually more than 870,000 new cases of heart failure are diagnosed, and it's calculatetable that by the year 2030 bigger than eight million individuals can be diagnosed with the disease. The burden of HF in India appears high, and estimates of prevalence range from 1.3 million to 4.6 million, with an annual incidence of 491 to 600–1.8 million. The most commonly reported signs and symptoms are breathlessness, fluid retention, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (PND). Other symptoms such as a poor appetite and low energy levels can be related to heart failure but they are also associated with other conditions. The diagnosis of Heart Failure is performed by using various parameters like blood test, chest x-ray, ECG, Echocardiography. The objectives of pharmacotherapy for heart failure are to prevent complications and reduce morbidity. Drugs used for management of heart failure are Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Beta-blockers, Angiotensin receptor blocker, Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, diuretics and others. In this review we are providing latest news on heart failure, signs and symptoms, different assessment tools, current practices regarding the management of heart failure.

A seizure is a paroxysmal event due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Epilepsy is a condition in which the patient has recurrent seizure due to a chronic, underlying process. Parkinsonism is the second common neurodegenerative disorder followed by Alzheimer's disease. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-V). Defines Drug Induced Parkinsonism (DIP) as the presence of resting tremor, muscular rigidity, akinesia or bradykinesia developing within few weeks of starting or raising the dose of medication or after reducing the dose of antiparkinsonian agent. A male patient of age 75years was admitted with complaints of generalized weakness and mild fever for 2 days. While assessing the patient, it was found that the patient has the history of complex partial seizures and is on phenytoin. The drug blood level which was more than the therapeutic level of the drug and the radiologic finding reinforce the findings. The adverse effect was confirmed using Narango’s Algorithm and WHO-UMC Causality system. Even though the radiological findings are still persisting, the clinical symptoms have been relieving with the stoppage of drug.

Daunorubicin (DNR) is the potent broad-spectrum antineoplastic drugs widely used in treatment of cancers including acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia. But therapeutic use of DNR is limited due to cardiomyopathy. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays crucial role in the development of cardiomyopathy. Changes of heart and increase duration of long-term survival with cardiac hypertrophy by inhibition of the RAS cascade and most effectively involve in the remodelling of the myocardium. Aliskiren (ALK) a recent drug of a direct inhibitor of the renin enzyme and keep safe cardiomyopathy in anthracycline - induced toxicity. Also the inhibition of the renin activity by aliskiren may effective and good approach in the safety of Anthracycline induced toxicity. The present study was focused to find the possible outcome of Aliskiren against DNR-induced cardiotoxicity. The acute model dose of 1.25 mg/kg DNR intraperitoneally in sixteen equal increasing doses induced cardiomyopathy in rats. DNR treatment remarkably increased the activities of serum creatine kinase (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac cell caspase -3 catalase. ALK 100 mg/kg treatment safe the animal heart cell remarkably from rise in CK-MB, LDH and CAT. This study state that ALK save rats from DNR-induced cardiomyopathy.