Purpose: The main objective of present research investigation is to formulate sustained release tablets of Simvastatin using different polymers. Simvastatin, an anti-hyperlipidemic agent belong BCS class-II agent. Methods: The SR tablets of Simvastatin were prepared employing different concentrations of HPMCK15M, xanthan gum and carbopol and tablets are prepared by using direct compression method. Results and discussion: Total six formulations are designed and evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, % drug content and In-vitro drug release. From the results it was concluded that all the formulations are found to be within the pharmacopeia limits and in-vitro dissolution profiles of all formulation are subjected to different kinetic models, the statistical parameters like slope intercept and regression coefficient were calculated. Conclusion: It was concluded that the polymeric combination of HPMCK15M with xanthan gum in the ratio 1:1 was able to retarded the release of Simvastatin from the tablets to the24th hour and showed an ideal release pattern necessary for sustained release tablet.

Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the tears, due to tear deficiency or excessive evaporation. Recently, Rebamipide has been introduced in the market for the treatment of dry eye disease. It is an amino acid derivative of 2- (1H) - quinolone. Only a few studies are available pertaining to its efficacy on dry eye disease. The study was conducted to compare the efficacy of Rebamipide 2% and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 1% in patients with dry eye disease. It was a single blinded, prospective, comparative study of 100 patients randomly divided into two groups of 50 patients each. Group-1 was given sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 1% and Group-2 was given rebamipide 2% as the treatment modality of choice, 4 times a day for 12 weeks. The efficacy and side effects of both the drugs were evaluated and compared in both the groups individually. Tests like Schirmer’s test, tear film break up time (TBUT) and tear film staining were employed to compare the efficacy of these drugs between the groups. There was a significant improvement in mean Schirmer’s test (p<0.001) and mean tear film break up time (TBUT) (p=0.008) and a significant reduction in staining scores in REB group as compared to CMC group. The REB group gave better results at the end of 12 weeks in improvement of multiple evaluating criteria as compared to CMC group i.e.1.82± 2.21 vs. 1.10 ± 1.92 respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.015). It was concluded that treatment with rebamipide and carboxymethyl cellulose lead to a generalized improvement in all the objective signs for assessment of dry eye disease. Both the drugs decreased the severity of dry eye disease. Also, the efficacy of rebamipide has been found to be better than carboxymethyl cellulose.

Bauhinia is a genus of more than 500 species of flowering plants in the subfamily Cercidoideae, in the large flowering plant of Fabaceae family. Bauhinia variegata, also known as Kachnar (Hindi), Mountain Ebony (English), is a medium-sized deciduous tree distributed in a sub-Himalayan tract and outer Himalaya of Punjab. It is also known as Camel foot tree because of shape of its leaves which resembles foot of a camel. Bauhinia variegata var. candida belonging to the family Leguminosae, are planted in the tropics as white orchid trees. Medicinally, it has been proven to possess various pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, cytotoxic and antimetastatic activity. Studies revealed the presence of various phytochemical constituents mainly flavonoids (viz. quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin derivatives with quercetin and kaempferol), proanthocyanidins (viz, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, their oligomers, and epiafzelechin trimer), unsaturated fatty acids, several mono, di- and tri-hydroxy fatty acids, carbohydrates, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, tannins, amino acids, and proteins. The presence of lupeol in bark of this plant is responsible for anti-inflammatory action. The study on this plant is carried out to lay down the standards which could be useful for future studies.

This study aimed to evaluate the ionic disturbs of acetal extract of Entandrophragma angolense (Meliaceae) in rabbits. E. angolense is a plant used in the traditional treatment of diabetes and several diseases in the south-east of Coast Ivory. In addition to this antidiabetic activity, this plant rich in polyphenolic compounds has an antioxidant potential that could be beneficial in the management of diseases related to oxidative stress. For this study, different batches of rabbits were injected with increasing doses of acetal extract of E. angolense. Then changes in serum calcium, magnesium, chloride, sodium and potassium were evaluated. This study indicated that the acetal extract of E. angolense with doses between 312.5 and 5000 mg / kg body weight (bw) in rabbits causes a significant variation (P <0.05) of potassium and calcium serum concentrations. But there is no significant change (P> 0.05) of magnesium, chloride, and sodium and serum concentration. Finally, this study suggests that a reduction of the dose (2500 mg / kg) and time of treatment (4 weeks) may help to avoid ionic disturbs other time. This dose of 2500 mg /kg/bw which is much higher than the therapeutic dose, confer on E. angolense a safety margin very interesting.

Murrya koenigii Linn. Spreng Wettst (M. koenigii L.) is widely used in medical treatment since long. In traditional medicine the plant is used for its stomachic and tonic properties. It is also used to treat piles, leukoderma, and kidney pain and blood disorders. Modern researchers noted a wide range of pharmacological activities of different parts of this plant. These include anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-gastric ulcer, anti-microbial, gastro protective, hepato protective etc. Photo-protective Effect of M. koenigii is also known in literature. Aim of the present study was to examine effect of extraction solvents on UV absorbing property of the plant. Leaves of M. koenigii L. were collected and identified by the taxonomist. Solvent extractions of the leaves were made separately by using ethanol, chloroform, methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and benzene. In a spectrophotometer the extractions were separately exposed for absorption of UV ray. Result showed that all extracts of M. koenigii L. leaves had UV absorption property but methanol extract had maximum activity. It is concluded that methanol extract of M. koenigii L. leaves may be used in preparation of sun screen lotions.

Since time immemorial Murrya koenigii Linn. Spreng Wettst (M. koenigii L.) is being used to treat medical problems. The plant is also known to possess a wide range of pharmacological properties. Recently we have shown maximum UV absorption property of methanol extract of this plant leaves. As pharmacological properties of medicinal plants are due to its secondary metabolite and amount of secondary metabolite varies with season, it is thought worthwhile to study the seasonal effect on the UV absorption property of the M. koenigii L. leaves. Leaves of M. koenigii L. were collected in summer, winter, autumn and rainy seasons. Methanol extracts of the leaves of different seasons were prepared separately. Extracts were allowed to absorb UV rays (wavelength range from 200 nm to 400 nm at 10 nm intervals) in a spectrophotometer to get absorption spectra. It is known that polyphenols have relation with UV absorbing property. Amount of polyphenol in the leave extract was therefore estimated. Results showed that methanol extract of M. koenigii L. leaves of summer had maximum UV absorbing property. Polyphenol content of the leaves was also high during summer. It is concluded that methanol extract of M. koenigii L. leaves of summer may, therefore, be used as anti-solar agent in preparation of sun screen lotions.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, comes mainly from sun, has many bad effects. Eyes and skins are affected. Prolonged exposure of UV radiation may cause skin cancer and develop cataract. Therefore there is continuous search for antisolar compounds from different sources including medicinal plants. Murrya koenigii Linn. Spreng Wettst (M. koenigii L.) is a medicinal plant having many pharmacological properties. Recently we found that the plant leave can absorb ultraviolet radiation. Aim of the present work was to isolate the anti-solar compound from the plant leave for its future use. M. koenigii L. leaves were collected, identified by taxonomist and processed for isolation work by standard methodologies. After solvent extraction and acid hydrolysis followed by solvent treatment, chromatographic experiments were done. Finally a compound was crystallized. UV absorption property of the isolated compound was studied. The compound showed maximum ultraviolet absorption at 200 nm. The compound, therefore, may be used as anti-solar compound in the preparation of sun screen lotion.

Background & Objectives: During treatment of Multi Drug Resistance Tuberculosis, patients suffer from many adverse effects. For management of adverse effects, ancillary medications are suggested. Severe adverse effect may lead to refusal and discontinuation of treatment. Poor management of adverse effects increases the risk of default or irregular or short duration adherence to treatment and results in permanent morbidity or death. Though national TB control programmes are generally well structured, they do not collect information on adverse effects and their management directly. In this regard, pharmacovigilance should be an integral component for TB control programme. So this study had been designed to observe the clinical management of adverse effects of MDR-TB drugs in Bangladesh with objective to provide information for subjects, health workers, doctors, people and organizations concerned with the activities for prevention, control and management of MDR-TB. Methods: This observational and descriptive type of longitudinal study was carried out at the in-patient department of the National Institute for Diseases of the Chest & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The total number of subjects included was 64.The data collection was carried out with pretested questionnaire. After the interview at the initial stage, the respondents had to take part in interview again at one month interval up to the end of 3rd month of treatment. The collected data was analyzed in terms of descriptive method.

The human heart is an organ that pumps blood throughout the body via the circulatory system, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes. Thus, to maintain a healthy heart is a crucial factor for overall health and well-being. But because of today’s food habits and stress conditions can eventually lead to various heart ailments. These conditions can be cured with cardiotonic agents. Before introducing drugs into market, that drug has to check for its safety and efficacy. For studying the drug activity, both in vitro and in vivo screening models have been developed in the past years. These Systems measures the ability of the test drugs to prevent or cure heart problems in laboratory conditions and on experimental animals. This review reveals some of such animal model to check the activity of cardiotonic drugs.