This review paper focuses on the biomarkers available for the early diagnosis and investigation in the field of Osteoarthritis. The main aim is to bring out the potential approach in using the herbal medicinal plants in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Considering the adverse effects of synthetic drugs, the western world is looking for natural remedies which are safe and effective. It is also documented that, about 80% of the world’s population has a belief in traditional medicine, particularly plant drugs for their primary treatment. Medicinal plants have been known for a golden age and are highly esteemed all over the world as a rich source of therapeutic agents for the prevention of diseases and ailments. Nature has met our nation with a tremendous abundance of restorative plants. OA is a long haul unending sickness described by the degeneration of the cartilage in joints which results in bones scouring together and making solidness, torment, and weakened development. The ailment most generally influences the joints in the knees, hands, feet, and spine and is moderately regular in the shoulder and hip joints. In this way, the portrayal of potential biomarkers is imperative to guarantee their proper and ideal use. The portrayal strategy used to survey biochemical markers in OA is BIPEDS; which represents the Burden of ailment, Investigative, Prognostic, Efficacy of intercession, Diagnostic, and Safety.

Nutraceuticals itself is a self-explanatory word, which covers a wide horizon of meanings. In a layman term, it can be expressed as food products which bestowed additional health benefits. The modern era has seen the wide variety and use of nutraceuticals for all kind of diseases, out of which antioxidant is the pedestal. Nutraceuticals hold to prevent most chronic disease, for betterment of health, arrest aging, life longevity and aid in maintaining better anatomy and physiology of the human body. Antioxidants are the species of molecule which prevents oxidation and formation of free radical which is why it is on demand. Few examples of nutraceuticals containing antioxidant are vitamins (ascorbic acid, tocopherol), flavonoids, polyphenolics, beta-carotene. Nutraceuticals, worldly are being widely employed. As per the statistics, $142.1 billion was used in 2011 and current surveys depicts that it will increase by $204.2 billion by the end of 2019. Needless to say, the use of nutraceuticals as antioxidants is effective and thus is used throughout the world. With the advent of modern technology and science, the field of nutraceuticals is growing and a wide-range of products is flushing in the market with the great potential to serve mankind

The Carica papaya plant has been shown to be useful in a wide range of therapeutic use from anthelmintic effect of its latex to the aphrodisiac property of its root. Carica papaya leaves (CPL) is a popular remedy to treat dengue-induced thrombocytopaenia. This study was designed to explore the preliminary phytochemical analysis of CPL aqueous and methanol extracts. In this study flavonoids and phenolics were characterized by LC - TOF- MS, in which 19 compounds were detected in aqueous extract and 24 compounds were detected in methanol extract. This knowledge may help us devise better formulations to develop CPL into useful therapeutic agents for the management of thrombocytopaenia related disorders

A budding body of research has investigated the functional development of brain in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).Brain progress trajectories are different in autism spectrum disorder .Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by a deficit in social behaviors and nonverbal interactions such as reduced eye contact, facial expression, and body gestures in the first three years of life. It is not a single disorder, and it is broadly considered to be a multi-factorial disorder resulting from genetic and non-genetic risk factors and their interaction. Genetic studies of ASD have identified mutations that interfere with typical neurodevelopment in utero through childhood. These complexes of genes have been involved in synaptogenesis and axon motility. Recent developments in neuroimaging studies have provided many important insights into the pathological changes that occur in the brain of patients with ASD in vivo. Especially, the role of amygdala, a major component of the limbic system and the affective loop of the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit, in cognition and ASD has been proved in numerous neuropathological and neuroimaging studies. Besides the amygdala, the nucleus accumbent is also considered as the key structure which is related with the social reward response in ASD. Although educational and behavioral treatments have been the mainstay of the management of ASD, pharmacological and interventional treatments have also shown some benefit in subjects with ASD. Also, there have been reports about few patients who experienced improvement after deep brain stimulation, one of the interventional treatments. The key architecture of ASD development which could be a target for treatment is still an uncharted territory. Further work is needed to broaden the horizons on the understanding of ASD

Arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder which leads to joint pain, inflammation, functional deformities, and plummets life expectancy. Arthritis can cause permanent joint changes. The worldwide incidence of all geographic and ethnic variations of these diseases is 1%.The prevalence of JA was assumed to be around 1.25 per 1000 children. JA tends to persist well into adulthood with 41% of patients in their study showing persistent tender and swollen joints at a median 16.5 years after diagnosis. The overall prevalence of RA in India was found to be more than 1%. In case of psoriatic arthritisthe ratio of male to female (3:1) was very high. Highest incidence was noted in the age group of 20- 39 years and the males are more susceptible than females.80% of the Indian population who shows knee and joint pains are suffering from OA. With highest demographic dividend it is sure that in the next decade Indian youths will be every nooks and corner of the world as the manpower and the work force. It is high time that Indians should change their life style and practice healthy habits.

The study focuses on the comparison of quality requirements for process control( in-process and finished products) quality tests of Indian Pharmacopeia (IP), British Pharmacopeia (BP) & United States Pharmacopeia (USP) for some conventional dosage forms. Total quality control test is defined as the process to produce a quality product by a series of measures, requiring an organized effort in order to eliminate errors at every stage in the production. A quality drug must satisfy certain standards which involve drugs safety, potency, efficacy, stability, patient acceptability as well as regulatory compliance. In process product testing is done in order to check the finished product status which should be similar to the standards as stated in the pharmacopoeias as the final sample taken for the finished product testing tends to be a representative of a large batch, a significant difference still remains. The official pharmacopoeias in different regions determine the quality requirements for pharmaceutical products. However the parameters and standards differ to some extent from each other. So in this, an attempt is being made to compare and bring out the harmonised range within which a product should fall in order to meet the pharmacopoeial specifications of that region. The main aim is to study the quality control tests of tablets and capsules which are the most popular conventional dosage forms and to inscribe the similarities and differences as per various pharmacopoeias. It was noted that except for a few parameters, the quality control tests were broadly similar.

Acute leukemia is a cancer of blood cells that characteristically comes suddenly and if not treated, progresses quickly. In acute leukemia, the leukemic cells do not mature properly at a normal time but rapid development of blast cells was observed. The aim of the present study is evaluation of anti-leukemic activity of Allium sativum and Vitis vinifera for synergistic action on benzene induced acute leukemia on sprague-dawley (SD) rats. The commercial garlic bulbs (Allium sativum) and grape fruits (Vitis vinifera) are collected, Authenticated and extracted separately with n-hexane and distilled water. The both extracts of garlic and grapes were studied for acute oral toxicity as per revised organization for economic cooperation and development guide lines number 423. Leukemia was successfully induced in SD rats by intravenous injection of benzene. The base line and post analytical blood samples was collected and analyzed for hematological parameters.The outcomes of hematological parameters in various experimental groups of murine model demonstrated anti leukemic effect of both plant extracts. The combination of these two plant extracts shows better efficacy then individual extracts but not more than or equal to standard drug that is 5- fluorouracil (15 mg/kg).The both extracts of garlic and grapes are ability to promote the phagocytosis of leukemic blast cells and then reduce the acute leukemia growth. It demonstrated anti leukemic potential that might be due to the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, Poly phenolics, and flavonoids in both plant extracts

In this work a new attempt was made to enhance the solubility, poor water solubility and slow dissolution rate are issues for majority of upcoming and existing biologically active compounds. The aim of present work was to increase the dissolution rate of Rosuvastatin Calcium, a poorly water soluble drug and hence improve its oral bioavailability by Nanosuspension technology. In the present work Nanosuspension is made by nanoprecipitation technique in the presence of Poloxamer 407 as a surfactant, Tween 80 as a wetting agent and HPMC as a stabilizer. The formulated nanosuspensions were characterised by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and FTIR. The formulations were evaluated for drug content, entrapment efficacy, Zeta potential and In-Vitro dissolution. SEM results showed the particle size of the formulated nanosuspensions in nanosize. FTIR spectrum revealed that there are no interactions between drug and carriers. Finally it was concluded that formulating poorly soluble drugs in the form of Nanosuspension would be a promising approach in delivery of poor water soluble drugs by oral route in a simple and effective way.