Gorlin- Goltz syndrome (GGS) is a rare, autosomal dominant syndrome caused by mutations of the patched gene (PTCH) on chromosome 9q (22.3-q31). It has a high level of penetrance and diverse expression, commonly associated with basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts, palmar and/or plantar pits and falx cerebri calcifications. Two major findings or one major finding and two minor findings confirm the diagnosis. More than 100 minor criteria are mentioned in the literature for diagnosing GGS [1]. Despite diverse manifestations this syndrome is under reported, three cases of familial inheritance are reported in India till date. Early diagnosis and genetic counseling are essential for managing the syndrome. Total of 65 variants of PTCH mutations have been documented in literature [2], thus it would be not unanticipated for affected patients and their family members to have a spectrum of different genetic and clinical anomalies. There are only 64 cases reported till date since 1977 from India out of which this is the fourth case report showing the hereditary involvement. All the three previously reported cases had only two affected members but this is the first case series reporting three affected of GGS with familial inheritance (mother and both her children). Their diverse manifestation in each are reported here which alerts the clinician and gives an insight for prompt diagnosis and its early management.

What if we tell you that there is a simple, yet a highly effective method that it can be used not only to document the work done but also, teach the students, promote the dental practice and inform the patients using visualization methods? We are talking about the use of dental photography – an interesting way to keep a record of the progress of procedures that require longer than a usual period to complete, show off the work done and possibly educate millions of students worldwide. In addition, dental photography can be used by dentists to promote their practice and show their patients an example of previous cases showing off how effective work looks like when completed.

WHO on 11th March 2020 declared COVID 19 as pandemic and since then this disease has become a public health emergency of international concern. The latest recommendation for prevention of COVID 19 includes avoidance of personal contact and keeping social distance. But this recommendation cannot be implied in health care works including orthodontics clinics. All the orthodontist and dental assistants are at very high risk of disease. This review should aid in increasing awareness, fortify contamination control, and forestall cross-transmission inside the orthodontic society.

In relation with the efforts to develop a knowledge-based economy culture, the University of Sumatera Utara needs access in realizing knowledge and technopark that utilize the knowledge, education and research results of lecturers. By organizing the Campus Intellectual Product Business Development Program, the University of Sumatera Utara has the opportunity to earn income and helps create new entrepreneurs. As one of the study programs at the University of Sumatera Utara, Prosthodontics Study Program also wants to participate in efforts to develop a knowledge-based economic culture to create new entrepreneurs in accordance with the vision and mission of the Prosthodontics Study Program. In this program, the proposing team wants to establish a business unit for the Consultation Center and Artificial Eye Services which includes a Consultancy Center, an artificial eye service (Production Center), and an artificial eye making training (Training Center). The problem faced is that patients after eye surgery have not found a single service place that was able to facilitate the synchronization between ophthalmologists and prosthodontists, so that if the patient received advice from an ophthalmologist at an eye hospital or eye clinic about postoperative care with making an artificial eye, and the patient had to go to find a prosthodontist specialist again, it was less efficient in terms of time and cost, because these patients did not only come from the city of Medan, but also from the surrounding area. If there is already one place that directly serves from consultation to artificial eye making, it will definitely make it easier for patients to improve their quality of life. With the aforementioned problems, an idea emerged from the team that proposed the program to create a consulting center and artificial eye services, which so far did not exist in Indonesia.

Background: Cleft lip and palate deformity presents one, of the most complex surgical challenges. Although surgical correction remains the cornerstone of treating this deformity, some inadequacies still remains. Presurgical-Nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) is used as an adjunct to reduce and reshaping the alveolar and nasal defect. In the original Grayson’s technique has some limitations such as frequent appointment and recall, and ulcerations so Figueroa modified PNAM technique (less researched) was selected for PNAM in the present study as it allows nasal and alveolar moulding at the same time thereby reducing the requirement of appointments for adjustments. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of Figueroa modified PNAM as a method of improving nasal symmetry and alveolar cleft in patients with UCLP (Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate). Materials and Methods: Total number of Thirty (n=30) children of less than one year of age, with cleft lip and palate were selected for the study. These were equally divided into 2 groups, group I treated with PNAM appliance, using Figueroa modified PNAM technique & followed by surgical lip repair and group II (control group) where primary cheilioplasty was carried out without PNAM. These patients were evaluated at various intervals and compared for various alveolar and nasal parameters, (nostril height, nostril width, columellar height, Bi-alar width and Intersegment distance. Data obtained from comparison of the groups were analyzed using-test. Results: A significant improvement of nasal symmetry and reduction of alveolar cleft gap on the cleft side in the PNAM group was observed in the PNAM group as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The Figueroa modified PNAM technique is efficient, cost effective and less tedious, that can reduce the number of future secondary surgeries. Studies with wider patient base, randomization and longer follow-ups are needed for definitive results.

Background: It has been stated that malocclusion is the third most common oral health problem, which is caused due to various environmental and genetic factors. The lifestyle of a person is adversely impacted by malocclusion due to its psychological as well as other disturbances in eating, talking, and aesthetics. Aim: The study aims to assess the awareness towards malocclusion and orthodontic treatment among adolescent school going students. Methodology: A total of 700 students (350 male and 350 female school Students) of age group between 15-18 years were included in the study. A pre-structured self-administered questionnaire consisting of 12 questions were given to the school students to assess their knowledge and attitude towards malocclusion and Orthodontic treatment. Results: The survey data was collected and organized into Microsoft Excel spreadsheets (Microsoft Inc., USA), and the data was tabulated and computed in percentage using SPSS version 21.0 software. The data obtained from adolescent student population suggests that there is significant difference between the awareness of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment in males and females. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is a fair amount of awareness towards orthodontic treatment among Adolescent School Students, but specific misconceptions and barrier exist. The Female students showed a more positive awareness towards Orthodontic treatment when compared to male patients. Clinical significance: The survey helped to assess the knowledge and awareness towards malocclusion and orthodontic treatment among adolescent school students.

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease. The prevalence and incidence of it in a population is influenced by various risk factors such as age, sex, socioeconomic status, sugar exposures and oral hygiene habits. Hence, the present study was designed to assess the prevalence of dental caries in school going children in urban and rural areas of hyderabad district between 5 to 12 year age groups. Material & Methods: A total of 1000 children aged 5-12 years were selected from 8 schools located in different geographic areas of hyderabad. Children were divided into two age groups, Group I – 5-8 years, Group II – 9-12 years. A trained dental surgeon using DMFT/deft index to diagnose dental caries performed the clinical examinations. Results: Among the two groups, Group I, showed high mean values (1.90) for dental caries in primary dentition and Group II, showed high mean values (1.48) in permanent dentition. In both the groups, decayed teeth accounted for the greatest percentage. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries was high in permanent dentition in group II and in group I, it was high in primary dentition. Rural areas of hyderabad district were affected more with caries compared to urban areas.