Oral squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck is associated with high morbidity and mortality in both western and Asian countries. The development of oral squamous cell carcinoma is a multistep process, which requires the accumulation of multiple genetic alternations and is influenced by a patient’s genetic predisposition as well as by environmental factors such as tobacco, alcohol, chronic inflammation and viral infection. Targeted therapies are specific method which interferes with some aspects of cellular life without harming healthy cells and hence they will work by interfering with specific molecules involved in carcinogenesis and tumour growth. Thus by altering molecular and cellular changes that are specific to cancer, molecular targeted therapies may be more effective than conventional therapies i.e. radiation, surgery and chemotherapy. The use of molecular targeted therapies is relatively new and new discoveries are emerging at a rapid pace. This paper will discuss the history of molecular targeted therapy and its present scenario in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Aim of the study: To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of Chlorhexidine and MTAD against Enterococcus faecalis in dentinal tubules of human teeth. Materials and Method: Freshly extracted, single rooted tooth were immersed in 5.25% NaOCl to remove surface soft tissue and organic debris. The teeth were horizontally sectioned into coronal, middle and apical sections. The 5 mm middle segment was used for the study. The segments were placed in brain-heart infusion broth containing a culture of E.faecalis. The root specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups. To test for bacterial survival, dentinal shavings from within the canal were collected using round bur on a piece of sterile aluminium foil. The mean CFU/mg and standard deviation value were calculated. Results: The antibacterial property of MTAD against E. faecalis was superior compared to that of Chlorhexidine.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the level of knowledge and expectations people deciding on a future orthodontic treatment have about post-orthodontic retention and to investigate the influence of sociocultural characteristics. Material and methods: A total of 134 consecutive people involved as legal decision maker (as patient, parent, or legal guardian) for a prospective orthodontic treatment received before their first appointment a questionnaire to assess their knowledge and expectations about post-orthodontic retention. Data were analysed descriptively, where as predictors were identified with logistic regressions at P value of less than or equal to 0.05. Results: A total of 134 questionnaires were distributed to prospective orthodontic patients or their parents/legal guardian. The mean age of the 134 participants was <30 years (82.1%). The majority were male (70.1 per cent), of Indian nationality, had a close family member with previous experience of orthodontic treatment (72.4per cent), and reached out for an orthodontic consultation from their own initiative or self motivated (72.9 per cent). The participants’ level of knowledge on post-orthodontic retention. half of the participants (82.1 per cent) were aware that retention appliances are used after orthodontic treatment. Finally, the majority believed both that a perfect orthodontic result can guarantee the results’ stability (56.7per cent) and that teeth can also move on their own without any orthodontic appliances (63.4 per cent). As far as expectations of the participants toward orthodontic retention are concerned , only 45.5 per cent thought that the retention phase should be less than 1 year, 37.3per cent thought that it should last between 1 and 3 years, and the remaining 9.7 per cent believed it should extend more than 3–10 years or lifelong. The vast majority of participants (19.4 per cent) rated the stability of the orthodontic results as ‘rather important’ or ‘extremely important’, whereas..

Self- ligating brackets are ligature less bracket systems that have a mechanical device into the bracket to close off the edgewise slot. These brackets secure passive or active ligation mechanism that ensures consistent full bracket engagement. Reduced friction between archwire and bracket allows more rapid tooth movement. This results in good control of tooth position through an adequately dimensioned bracket. A review of self-ligation in general has been highlighted in this article.

Post extraction buccopalatal ridge collapse is a significant challenge in restorative and implant dentistry. None of the available ridge preservation/ augmentation procedures could restore the pink–white esthetics up to the mark and finally result in partial or total ridge collapse. PARTIAL EXTRACTION THERAPY (PET), a newly introduced term into literature and clinical environment aims to retain the tooth root itself. SOCKET SHIELD TECHNIQUE, introduced by Hurzeler in 2010 is one among PET, where it retains buccal/ facial root section at immediate implant placement. The purpose of this article is to report two cases where unrestorable maxillary anteriors were restored with immediate implant placement retaining buccal shield.

In India, an array of measures have been adopted to control the rapid spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. Such general population control measures could significantly influence perception, knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. Here, we assessed KAP towards COVID-19 during the rapid rise period of the outbreak. Online-based cross-sectional study conducted from 15th May to July 31st, 2020, involving patients of on-going orthodontic treatment in KVG Dental college Sullia, and in an age group of 15-40 yrs via social media. After consenting, participants completed an online survey assessing socio-demographic variables and KAP towards COVID-19. Of the present survey participants, 32% were males and 68 % were females, 50.7% were from rural residents, 1.3 % from semirural, 42.7% from semi urban and 5.3 % from urban residents actively participated in the study. 53.33% participants were from Karnataka and 46.66% were from Kerala state. The survey revealed that 90.77% of participants had more accurate knowledge, 93.99% had more positive attitudes, and 82% had more frequent practices regarding COVID-19 prevention. Overall (96%) participants wore a face mask in crowded places showing their awareness. Therefore, development of effective health education programs that incorporate considerations of KAP-modifying factors is needed.

The dental discrepancy in transverse dimension can be due to arch length and the tooth material discrepancy i.e. narrow apical base of the jaw and lager teeth and could be due to lingual position of the upper posteriors or buccal position of the lower posteriors or combination. Arch expansion is an important part of clinician's armamentarium in the correction of transverse discrepancy [1]. There are many means and modes for expansion of arch, such as rapid, slow, surgically assisted, mini-screw anchored or simply by orthodontic tooth movement. Various types of removable or fixed expansion devices have been developed over the years.

In recent years, increasing numbers of adult patients have sought orthodontic treatment1 and expressed a desire for esthetic and comfortable alternatives to conventional fixed appliances. The transparency of the clear aligner enhances its esthetic appeal for those adult patients who are averse to wearing conventional labial fixed orthodontic appliances. Orthodontists should gain significant clinical experience in the treatment of mild malocclusions before attempting to treat more complex cases. One needs to understand that aligners are only an appliance, and the technique for working with it is continually being developed and honed. Refinement, adjustment at each appointment, and rebooting are all a part of the technique, and everything depends on the orthodontist's skill just as with patient with any fixed appliance.

Since its emergence in December 2019, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted several countries, and making it a global public threat. The routes of transmission are direct contact, and droplet and possible aerosol transmissions. Due to the unique nature of dentistry, most dental procedures generate significant amounts of droplets and aerosols, posing potential risks of infection transmission. The current study was conducted to assess anxiety and fear of getting infected among dentists while working during the current novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) outbreak and dentist’s knowledge about various practice modifications to combat COVID-19 has been evaluated. The questionnaire study was conducted using an online survey from July 202 0 to December 2020.

COVID-19 emerged as a global pandemic in early 2020, affecting more than 200 countries and territories. The infection is highly contagious, with disease transmission reported from asymptomatic carriers, including children. So in todays orthodontic practice, disease control must undergo major reevaluation and restructuring and must be given prime importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate by means of questionnaire, sterilization and dis¬infection methods employed in the practice of orthodontics in South India and the compliance of orthodontists to these methods. The questionnaire study was conducted using an online survey from July 2020 to December 2020.

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a novel disease of global concern and has evolved rapidly into a public health crisis. The infection is highly contagious, with disease transmission reported from asymptomatic carriers, including children. So in todays orthodontic practice, disease control must undergo major reevaluation and restructuring and must be given prime importance. Effective infection control must be a routine component of professional activity. Thorough understanding of the application of sterilization will help ensure safety from the invisible but deadly world of microbial pathogens. The present article reviews the various recent sterilization protocols about orthodontic instrumentation and armamentarium and along with the general infection control measures.