Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the determinants of health facility attendance are "personal, social, economic and environmental factors that determine the state of health of individuals or populations". The objective of this study was to study the determinants of attendance at CHU-CNOS. Methodology: The study took place within the CHU-CNOS. This was an analytical cross-sectional study that took place over a period of 6 months (July to December 2020). Patients who received treatment at CHU-CNOS constituted the study population. All patients who received treatment at the CHU-CNOS and who agreed to participate in the study were included in this study.The sample size was n = 420 patients. The questionnaire survey and the questionnaire were respectively the technique and the data collection tool. The questionnaire was administered face to face to patients to collect data. Data entry and analysis were performed on EPI INFO 2000 version 7 and SPSS software version IBM SPSS Statistics 2, respectively. Results: More than half of those surveyed was 52.1% female. The sex ration was 0.92. Bride and groom represented 66% of the study population. Of the people surveyed, 35.7% were not in school. Civil servants made up 21.9% of respondents. The majority of respondents (90.2%) found that the costs of care at the CHU-CNOS were affordable. The average cost of care was 3,965 FCFA with a standard deviation of 1,245 FCFA (3,965 ± 1245 FCFA). The 30.4% of those surveyed said that the costs of prescribed drugs were high. The average cost of prescribed drugs was 6,635 ± 1,400 FCFA. The satisfaction rate of the people surveyed was 80.7%.. Among the unsatisfied patients surveyed, 63% had the waiting time in front of the office as a reason for dissatisfaction and 18.5% felt that the reception was poor.There was a statistically significant relationship to satisfaction with the following variables: level of listening to the patient by the practitioner (p <0.001)

The aim of orthodontic treatment in a bimaxillary protrusion case is to obtain an esthetically pleasing face with harmonious soft tissue profile, stable occlusion and pleasant smile. The etiology of bimaxillary protrusion is multifactorial involving both genetic and environmental causes like mouth breathing, tongue and lip habits and tongue volume. The following case report shows management of class I bimaxillary protrusion malocclusion in a hypodivergent case with extraction of all first premolars. The effective management of space without losing anchorage is itself a big challenge. The results produced a pleasant facial profile with attainment of good occlusion. The case required extraction of 1st premolars for correction of the proclined, forwardly placed and crowded upper and lower anterior teeth. Clinical and cephalometric evaluation revealed a Class I skeletal pattern and clinical examination revealed presence of an orthognathic facial profile, a horizontal growth pattern, increased overjet and average overbite, crowding in maxillary and mandibular anterior region, potentially incompetent lips, increased lip fullness and lip strain with an unaesthetic smile arc and a decreased nasolabial angle. Following fixed orthodontic treatment by removal of all 1st premolars and with retraction of anterior segment, a marked improvement in patient's smile, facial profile and occlusion was achieved and there was a remarkable increase in the patient's confidence and quality of life. The profile changes and treatment results were demonstrated with proper case selection and good patient cooperation with fixed appliance therapy.

The following case report shows management of class I bimaxillary protrusion malocclusion with facial asymmetry in a hyperdivergent case with extraction of all first premolars. The effective management of space without losing anchorage is itself a big challenge. The results produced a pleasant facial profile with attainment of good occlusion. The case required extraction of 1st premolars for correction of the proclined, forwardly placed and crowded upper and lower anterior teeth. The patient presented with an occlusal cant on clinical evaluation and presence of a facial asymmetry on PA cephalogram. Lateral cephalometric evaluation revealed a Class I skeletal pattern and clinical examination revealed presence of facial asymmetry with chin deviation towards the patients left side, an orthognathic facial profile, a vertical growth pattern, increased overjet and average overbite, crowding in maxillary and mandibular anterior region, potentially incompetent lips, increased lip fullness and lip strain with an unaesthetic smile arc and a decreased nasolabial angle. Following fixed orthodontic treatment by removal of all 1st premolars and with retraction of anterior segment, a marked improvement in patient's smile, facial profile and occlusion was achieved and there was a remarkable increase in the patient's confidence and quality of life. Facial asymmetry was corrected non-surgically, simply by application of appropriate biomechanics with the help of temporary anchorage devices (TADs).

Introduction: Since its discovery in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has rapidly spread the world over. Much research involving the virus, disease and its pathogenesis is now published. However, apart from some case studies, there is no large scale reporting done of the oral findings in patients infected by the virus. Aims: To record the oral soft tissue findings, report significant or peculiar findings, if any, and correlate laboratory and clinical findings, in patients suffering from Covid-19 disease. Methods and material: 101 COVID -19 patients admitted at a tertiary healthcare and medical teaching institute were clinically examined by a trained single investigator (House officer from the department of Dentistry of LTMMC & LTMGH, Sion Mumbai) in September 2020. Results: Thirty-nine patients had oral findings. A majority (twenty-two) had ulcers, seven showed signs of inflammation of their oral mucosa, five had white oral mucosal patches, three had bald tongues, four had angular cheilitis, and two patients had spontaneous bleeding due to oral lesions. Eight patients also had atypical ulcers, mostly on their tongue. These ulcers have, to the best of our knowledge, not yet been reported elsewhere. They could be a manifestation of COVID -19 infections, and the topic of further research. Discussion: COVID-19 patients do exhibit certain oral signs and symptoms, with majority on the tongue.

Objective: To assess the dental care needs of people living with HIV who are regularly monitored at Campus University Hospital of Lomé. Method: This was a descriptive prospective survey conducted on patients followed regularly, from January 1 to December 31, 2016. Results: Our study involved 111 patients, 76.58% of whom were female. The most represented age group was between 30 and 39 years old. Fourteen percent of the patients had a CD4˃500cell / mm3 count and 37.5% of the lesions were seen in patients with WHO stage III HIV infection. Mucosal lesions were more common in subjects with low CD4 counts. Periodontitis represented 59.03%, candidiasis 3.47%. Seventy-six percent of the subjects required oral care. Conclusion: People living with HIV have a real need for oral health care. Systematic management of oral health care in in these subjects should improve their well-being and ensure them a life that is more balanced with their serological status.

Background: Bone healing is an important subject in various fields of dentistry such as prosthesis, implant, surgery, etc. Numerous studies and researches have been done on tooth socket healing process however, most of these studies are histological evaluations and less are radiographic studies. Aim: The aim the Study was the Radiological Change of Post Extraction Socket after Using Beta Tricalcium Phosphate for Understanding of Bone Formation. Methods: The experimental Study was conducted in the department of oral and maxillofacial of in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh to find out the common indications of Post Extraction Socket. 20 patients (Group-A) whose full veneer crown were prepared on Alloplastic bone substitute and another 20 patients (Group-B) whose were without alloplastic bone substitute. 40 cases were randomly selected for the study whose common indication of Radiological Change of Post Extraction Socket after Using Beta Tricalcium Phosphate. Clinical examination and evaluation were done from October 2010 to February 2011. Other necessary investigations were done if clinically indicated and to prepare the patient for anesthesia. Statistical analysis of the results was obtained by using window-based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-22). Results: Table shows the distribution of the age of the patients. Majority of the patients 22(55.0%) were of 18-25 years age group and another 15(37.5%) were at their 26-35 age group. Mean age of the patients was 25.97±4.99 years. Conclusion: Both QDSR and LRA methods can be used in evaluation of the rate of bone formation in the tooth socket but the former method is more accurate.

Background: The postoperative sequelae after third molar surgery include pain, swelling and trismus, Flurbiprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Flurbiprofen is thought to involve inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis, in common with other NSAIDs. Prostaglandins such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and other inflammatory mediators released in response to pain or non-infectious stimulants trigger a complex inflammatory cascade that contributes to inflamation symptomsThis study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral Flurbiprofen lozenge given 30 min before surgery on reducing postoperative sequelae. Method: We recruited 70 patients, randomly assigned to two groups: Flurbiprofen and Control group, groups received 100mg Flurbiprofen lozenge, placebo lozenge 30 min before surgery respectively and every 6h till 72h after surgery. Third molar extraction was performed under local anesthesia. After extraction, pain, swelling, and mouth opening in both groups observed till 72h. Statistical Analysis: Preoperative and postoperative measurement of visual analog scale scores for pain, edema, interincisal opening, was analyzed using Student t test or ANOVA, Chi-square or Mann-Whit-ney U test was performed for non-parametric samples. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The overall incidence of Pain in the Flurbiprofen group was 18% compared to 43% in the Control group (P = .003) Incidence of Pain, swelling, and mouth opening at different time intervals 6h, 24h, 48h and 72h were significantly (P >0.05) better in Flurbiprofen group. Conclusion: Oral Flurbiprofen lozenge administered 30 minutes preoperatively can significantly reduce postoperative sequelae after third molar extraction.