Phytopharmacological Review of Plumeria species
Shinde P. R, Patil P. S., Bairagi V. A
Sch Acad J Pharm | 217-227
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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The various species of Plumeria are known to have medicinal properties and have a long history of use by
indigenous and tribal people in India. The medicinal value of this Plumeria species in the treatment of a large number of
human ailments is mentioned in Ayurveda, Charaka Samhita, and Sushrita Samhita. For millennia, the Indian population
has depended mainly upon plant based crude drugs for a variety of ailments. This alternative system of medicine is
gaining increasing popularity worldwide. Plumeria species are widely used as a purgative, remedy for diarrhea, cure of
itch, bronchitis, cough, asthma, fever bleeding piles, dysentery, blood disorders and tumors etc. Today it is a challenge
for scientists to provide efficient, safe and cheap medications. In this scenario Plumeria can be an exclusive medicine
which is widely available throughout our country. The present review gives an account of updated information of the
botanical, phytochemical and pharmacology aspects of Plumeria species.
A Pharmacognostic and pharmacological overview on Bombax ceiba
Verma Rameshwar, Devre Kishor, GangradeTushar ,Gore Siddharth, Gour Sudarshan
Sch Acad J Pharm | 100-107
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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Bombax ceiba is commonly known as silk cotton tree and semal which belongs to family Bombacaceae.
Bombax ceiba is an important medicinal plant of tropical and subtropical India. Its medicinal usage has been reported in
the traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani. It has wide range of medicinal and
pharmacological application. It is used in tradition system of medicine and exibits diuretic, dysenteric, emetic, diarrhoeal,
Wounds, Acne, skin blemish and pigmentation, Cold and cough. It has many pharmacological activities like In-vitro
Anti-inflammatory, Anti-diabetic, Anti-obesity, Hypotensive, Antioxidant, Antiangiogenic, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity,
Aphrodisiac and Antipyretic. This paper provides an overview on pharmacological, phytochemical properties and
therapeutic benefits of the plant.
Extraction, Isolation and Antimicrobial Activity of Crude and Purified Ferritin extract from seeds of Soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. )
Supriya Kapil Shetty Thanekar, Ramachandra Y L, Udgire M
Sch Acad J Pharm | 97-99
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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The present study aimed to isolate, purify and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ferritin extracted from
Soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ) against Gram-negative microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Kliebsiella Pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris), as well as Gram-positive microorganism (Staphylococcus aureus,
Staphylococcus epidermis) and fungus Candida albicans. Agar well diffusion method was adapted to determine
antibacterial activity against all the test microorganisms. Zone of inhibition of the crude and pure extracts were tested.
Among all the test pathogens E. coli was found susceptible with zone of inhibition 9mm. to the crude and purified ferritin
extract. The present study successfully isolated and purified the single unit of Glycine max (L.) Merr. ferritin with 28-
kDa units . It also reveals the least susceptibility of the microorganisms towards the ferritin isolated from seeds of
Glycine max (L.) Merr.
In-Vivo anthelmintic Activities of Ethanol Extract of Croton (Codiaeum variegatum L. Blume) Against Tapeworm Hymenolepis microstoma
Gofarana Wilar, Sri Agung Fitri Kusuma, Yusuf Ridwan, Fairuz Amni
Sch Acad J Pharm | 108-115
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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As per reported in a previous study, the extract of the croton twig possesses an anthelmintic activity against
the Hymenolepis spp cestode in an in Vitro model. The aim of the present study was to determine the anthelmintic
activity of the croton twig extract against the tapeworm Hymenolepis microstoma in Vivo. The study was started out by
experimentally infecting mice with H. microstoma. Infected mice were divided into five groups consisting of one control
negative group, one control positive group, and three test groups of three different doses; 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW.
Evaluation was carried out by the fecal egg count reduction (%FECR) and the worm count reduction. Statistical analysis
showed that all test group have lower egg per gram count and lower worm count than that of the control negative group.
Result showed at dose 125 mg/kg BW, the croton twig extract has the highest ability to reduce the number of eggs with
an %FECR of 63,25%, whilst the highest ability of reducing the number of worms was shown by the extract at dose 500
mg/kg with a %WCR of 63%.It is suggested that further works including safety, effective dose need to be carried out
before using twigs C.variegatum as anthelmintic agent.
Gender Analysis of the Strategy against AIDS in the Active Military in SaintLouis (Senegal)
A. B. Tall, A. A. NDiaye, A. B. MBodj, P. G. Sow, A. Faye, B. Gueye
Sch Acad J Pharm | 116-122
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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Since 2005, Senegal has a national strategy document for equality and gender equity with two objectives of
establishment of an institutional, legal and socio-cultural economic environment conducive to the achievement of gender
equality in Senegal and effective integration of gender in development interventions in all sectors. In order to participate
in the achievement of these objectives and to fight against the feminization of HIV / AIDS in Senegal, it seemed relevant
to do the gender analysis of the planning and conduct of the project of fight against AIDS among the active military in St.
Louis. Three investigative techniques were used to collect data: a) The review of project documentation that was used to
analyze the gender approach in the design of the project, b) Individual interviews with key people responsible for the
design and implementation and focus groups separately with beneficiaries both men and women who have permitted to
assess the knowledge and perceptions of the gender project , c) To see the role of men and women in the implementation
of the project. The results have shown that the willingness to involve women in the various activities of the program is
obvious. Planning does not highlight the priorities of women and men, despite the context of the feminization of the HIV
epidemic. Individual and group interviews conducted in St. Louis revealed a "top down" approach to programming.
Knowledge of the gender was usually partial or erroneous because of a lack of training in the issue. In fact, everybody
said they had never had any specific training on gender mainstreaming in development projects. In general, men, women,
boys and girls participated in various sensitization projects
Development and Validation of UV Spectroscopic and HPTLC Methods for the Determination of Bosentan from Tablet Dosage Form
A. Suganthi, Sai Lakshmi. C. H, Sruthi Vinod, T. K. Ravi
Sch Acad J Pharm | 123-127
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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Two simple, sensitive and precise UV spectroscopic and HPTLC methods were developed and validated for
the determination of bosentan in tablet dosage form. UV spectroscopic method: For the determination of bosentan, the
stock solution of 100 μg/ml of drug was prepared in dichloromethane. The measurement of absorbance was noted at 274
nm. The calibration curve was obtained in the range 10-40 μg/mL. The slope, intercept and correlation coefficient values
were found to be 0.02975, -0.0063 and 0.9992, respectively. HPTLC method: For the determination of bosentan by
HPTLC method, a precoated silicagel 60 F254 on aluminium sheets and a mobile phase system comprising of methanol:
ammonia (10: 1 drop, v/v) were selected. After development the plate was scanned and quantified at 288 nm. Linearity
was found in the concentration range of 10 to 80 ng/spot (r = 0.9991). Limit of detection was found to be 1 ng/spot and
limit of quantification was found to be 4 ng/spot. Low relative standard deviation and good % recovery values of both the
methods showed that the developed methods were highly precise, accurate and free from interference present in
formulation.
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Anticonvulsant activity of some Novel 4-Thiazolidinone Derivatives
Asish Bhaumik, M. Ashok Chandra, Shubhankar Saha, Juturu Mastanaiah, Telu Visalakshi
Sch Acad J Pharm | 128-132
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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The objective of the present work is the synthesis of N-[2-(4-substituted phenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidine-3-yl]-
2-(naphthalene-2-yloxy)acetamide and evaluation of anticonvulsant activity. Based on this a new series of compound
have been planned to synthesize by reacting β-napthol,ethyl chloroacetate, hydrazinemonohydrate, ethyl alcohol and
various aromatic aldehydes. The anticonvulsant activity of the test drugs were evaluated by using MES induced
convulsions in mice. The percentage protection was estimated by observing the number of animals showing abolition of
Hind Limb Tonic Extension (HLTE) or extension not greater than 90o. The synthetic derivatives (A9,A8,A2,A1&A10)
200 mg/kg have shown 95.85%, 90.04% ,84.23%, 79.75% & 73.44% protection against MES induced seizure
respectively.
Phytochemical & HPTLC analysis of roots of Acacia arabica Willd.
Alambayan Jyoti, Vats Manisha, Sardana Satish, Chopra K Arun
Sch Acad J Pharm | 133-139
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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The present work has been undertaken to establish the necessary pharmacognostic standards and
phytochemical constituents for evaluation of roots of Acacia arabica Willd (family Fabaceae). Plant is studied for its
morphology, microscopy, phytochemicals present in plant root and HPTLC was carried out for quantification of
quercetin in root extract. Various morphological parameters of fresh as well as shade dried form of roots were studied.
Microscopy showed the presence of medullary rays, pith, phloem fiber, cork cells, epidermis and xylem cells in root.
Physico-chemical constants such as fluorescence analysis of root powder and extracts, ash values, loss on drying,
extractive value, swelling index, percentage extractive values of extracts with different solvents, consistency and color of
different extracts under ordinary and UV light were studied. Phytochemical screening of total ethanolic and aqueous
extracts showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponin glycosides & reducing sugars. HPTLC was carried out for
quantification of quercetin in ethanolic extract of the roots of A. arabica Willd. It was concluded that the Acacia Arabica
Willd contains various phytochemicals; among these tannins and flavonoids are its main constituents.
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Methods for the Estimation of API’s in Newanti Injection and Restozeal Tablets
R.Vijayalakshmi, Sadhik Shaik, K.Rajaskhar, V.S.H. Naveena, N. Aruna Kumari, M.D. Dhanaraju
Sch Acad J Pharm | 140-145
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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Newanti injection comprises of 0.3 mg Biapenem in powder for injection, used as in vitro agent against
anaerobes. Resveratrol is an antioxidant in Restozeal tablets. Since HPLC methods were more accurate, precise and
sensitive, the present work describes two simple, precise and accurate HPLC methods for the estimation of
pharmaceutical agents in Newanti injection (Method A) and Restozeal tablet dosage form (Method B). The separation
was carried out using phenomenex C18 (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm particle size) column for both the methods. Mobile phase
consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer pH (6) in the ratio of 85:15%, v/v, at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and
detection wavelength of 294 nm was chosen for method A. Acetonitrile: phosphate buffer pH (5) in the ratio of 80:20%,
v/v as the mobile phase at the rate of 0.9 ml/min with the detection wavelength of 315 nm were chosen as operating
parameters for Method B. The linearity range was found to be 150-350 µg/ml at the retention time of 3.33 min for
biapenem; 50-100 µg/ml at 2.88 min for resveratrol. The liquid chromatography methods were extensively validated for
linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. All these analytical validation parameters were observed to be in limits,
which indicate the usefulness of the methods for determination of biapenem/resveratrol in their marketed formulations
Solanum xanthocarpum Chemical Constituents and Medicinal Properties: A Review
N M Reddy, Rajasekhar Reddy N
Sch Acad J Pharm | 146-149
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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India with its knowledge of rich ancient traditional systems of medicine provides a strong base for the
utilization of a large number of plants in general healthcare. Large number of herbal drugs existing in India, very few has
been studied systematically so far. Solanum xanthocarpum is an important medicinal herb in Ayurvedic medicine.
Various studies indicated that Solanum xanthocarpum possesses antiasthmatic, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective,
antibacterial and insect repellent properties. The present review aims to document the medicinal properties of Solanum
xanthocarpum and its potential prospects for the further scientific investigation for the development of effective
therapeutic compounds
Choice of Drug Eluting Stent: A Review
Jasmine George, Hari. A, Lincy George, L. Panayappan, K. Krishnakumar
Sch Acad J Pharm | 150-152
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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The development of stent has been a major achievement in treating obstructive coronary artery disease
(OCAD). The main obstacle in the long term success of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was the neo-intimal
hyperplasia developed within the stent, which may leads to instent restenosis. The introduction of Drug-eluting stents
(DES) shows steep decrease in angiographic restenosis when compared with bare metal stent. The ability of DES to
prevent the restenosis after balloon angioplasty reduces the complications associated with sub acute stent thrombosis and
late stent restenosis by decreasing the incidence of MI. The coating of bioabsorbable polymers on DES enhances
antiproliferative drug release. This review article reveals various types of drug eluting stents and their comparison with
bare metal stents
Semi Solid dosage Forms Manufacturing: Tools, Critical Process Parameters, Strategies, Optimization and Validation
Nwoko Valentine. E
Sch Acad J Pharm | 153-161
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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The objective of present study was to document the requirements for manufacturing of semisolid dosage
forms. These guidelines also brief about some issues associated with tools, strategies, critical process parameters and
strategies of the manufacturing and validation processes specific to semisolid dosage forms. Studies about the effect of
manufacturing processes and formulation excipients on the rheology of semisolids have contributed significantly toward
their characterization. The development of computer-assisted instruments also has contributed substantially to their
characterization and thereby to improving their quality. Moreover, some of the guidelines established by regulatory
agencies, especially by FDA, are major steps toward the standardization of these dosage forms. Variations in the
manufacturing procedure that occur after either of these events are likely to be critical to the characteristics of the
finished product. This is especially true of any process intended to increase the degree of dispersion through reducing
droplet or particle size (e.g., homogenization)
Synthesis and Screening of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of 6-Amino-4- (Aryl/Heteroaryl)Phenyl-3-Methyl-2,4-Dihydropyrano[2,3-c]Pyrazole-5- Carboxamide Derivatives
Bhavna N. Amin, Arun R. Parikh, Hansa Parikh, Vijayalakshmi Gudaparthi
Sch Acad J Pharm | 208-212
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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The present study deals with in vitro antibacterial and antifungal screening of some novel pyrano[2,3-c]
pyrazole derivatives. A series of novel 6-amino-4-(aryl/heteroaryl) phenyl-3-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-
carboxamide derivatives were synthesized by condensation of a mixture of ethyl acetoacetate, aryl/heteroaryl aldehyde,
hydrazine hydrate, 2-cyanoacetamide and triethylamine in methanol as a solvent. The structures of all the synthesized
compounds are assigned on the basis of IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectral data. Most of the compounds showed mild to
moderately active against the S. aureus the strain of Gram positive and E. coli the strain of Gram negative. The
compounds 1d, 1f and 1g exhibited remarkable antifungal activity against A. niger.
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Accounts of Some Reviewed Plants with Antidiabetic Potential
Kharjul Mangesh, Kharjul Ashwini, Bhairy Srinivas, Gupta Shivram, Kale Aaditi
Sch Acad J Pharm | 162-177
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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With increased morbidity and mortality, diabetes mellitus is emerging as major health problem. 69% adults of
developing countries and 20% of developed countries are susceptible to diabetes. Insulin therapy is suggested only when
diet or oral hypoglycemic fails to control blood glucose levels and in case of postpancreatectomy. Insulin analogues are
advantageous with low risk of hypoglycemia particularly nocturnal hypoglycemia. Drawbacks of insulin therapy are like
local pain, inconvenience of multiple injections, insulin edema, lipohypertropy, insulin allergy, resistance and above all
of this are weight gain. Oral hypoglycemic agents like Sulphonylureas (Glibenclamide, Glipizide, Gliclazide), NonSulphonylureas (Nateglinide, Repaglinide), Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (Acarbose, Miglitol), Dipeptidylpeptidase(DPP)
IV inhibitors (Sitagliptin, Linagliptin, Alogliptin, Dutogliptin, Gemiglaptin) are used for treatment of diabetes but they
have their own limitations due to selective mechanism of action. WHO in 1976 officially recognized importance of
traditional medicine as source of primary health care by globally addressing its traditional medicine programme. India
being the botanical garden of the world, is the largest producer of medicinal herbs. 21,000 plants are listed by WHO,
used for medicinal purposes around the world. This review covers phytochemical and pharmacological accounts of some
plants with antidiabetec potential.
Overview of Validation and Basic Concepts of Process Validation
Keyur B. Ahir, Khushboo D. Singh, Sushma P. Yadav, Hetal S. Patel, Chetan B. Poyahari
Sch Acad J Pharm | 178-190
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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Quality is the primordial intention to any industry and its products manufactured. Multiple views on obtaining
such quality are the current interest in the pharmaceutical industry. Validation is the art of designing and practicing the
designed steps alongside with the documentation. Validation and quality assurance will go hand in hand, ensuring the
through quality for the products. Process Validation emphasize on process design elements and maintaining process
control during commercialization and communicate that process validation is an ongoing program and align process
validation activities with product lifecycle. Process validation also emphasizes the role of objective measures and
statistical tools and analyses and emphasizes knowledge, detection, and control of variability and gives assurance on
consistent of quality/productivity throughout life cycle of product.
Design, Development and Evaluation of Press Coated Tablets of an Antihypertensive Drug
Sagar J. Sonawane, Kundan P. Chaudhari, Umesh T.Jadhao, Vinod M.Thakare, Bharat W. Tekade ,Vijay R. Patil
Sch Acad J Pharm | 191-196
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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In the present study, an attempt was made to design and evaluate a press coated tablet of Losartan Potassium,
in Order to overcome bioavailability problems, to reduce dose dependent side effects and frequency of administration.
The tablets, each consisting of a core and a coat, were prepared using compression coating technique. The coat
layer consists of HPMC K100M and Ethyl cellulose in different ratio. The tablets were evaluated for different parameters
like weight variation, friability, in-vitro release, content uniformity, Hardness. Observations of all the formulations for
physical characterization had shown that, all of them comply with the official compendia’s. Results of in- vitro drug
release profile from all formulations (F1-F4) showed slow and sustained release of Losartan potassium over a period of
12 hours. Hydrophilic polymer like, HPMC K100M (60%) and Ethyl cellulose (10%) was found to be optimum. HPMC
K100M was useful in the formation of matrix and Ethyl cellulose was used as its swellable and rupturable behavior. DSC
and IR studies show no evidence on interaction between drug, polymers and other excipients. The best fit model for the
optimized batch was peppas having r value 0.9938, n value 0.6998 and K value is 19.5516.
Is There a Relationship Between Bupropion Plasma Levels and Blood Pressure Increase?
Gül Eryılmaz, Gökben Hızlı Sayar, Barış Önen Ünsalver, Işıl Göğcegöz Gül, Nevzat Tarhan
Sch Acad J Pharm | 197-200
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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Bupropion is largely used as an antidepressant and smoking cessation therapy. The aim of this work was to
evaluate effects of increased bupropion plasma levels on blood pressure and heart rate in patients with depression. A total
of sixty patients with a diagnosis of depression completed this naturalistic study. Bupropion was administered in 150
mg/day dose. Bupropion plasma levels were measured on the 7th and 14th day of treatment. Heart rate, systolic and
diastolic blood pressure were measured for each patient on the 7th and 14th days of treatment. The results of this study did
not show any statistically significant blood pressure or heart rate changes with elevating bupropion plasma levels. No
significant difference in blood pressure or heart rate was observed by reaching the therapeutic plasma levels of
bupropion. Although our results did not suggest any effect of bupropion plasma levels on heart rate and blood pressure,
therapeutic benefit of bupropion to treat depression in hypertensive patients should be carefully weighed.
Study of Influence of Povidone and Sodium Lauryl Sulphate on Performance of Mouth Dissolving Tablets of Mirtazapine
Grandhi Srikar, G. Kavitha, A. Sai Sirisha
Sch Acad J Pharm | 201-207
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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Mouth dissolving tablets disintegrate and/or dissolve in saliva immediately when they are placed in mouth.
Their rate of disintegration and dissolution are highly influenced by the formulation and method of manufacture. In the
present investigation, it was aimed to study the influence of two hydrophilic excipients viz. povidone (PVP) and sodium
lauryl sulphate (SLS) on the performance of mouth dissolving tablets of mirtazapine prepared by direct compression
technique. Super – disintegrants are commonly employed in mouth dissolving tablets to enhance disintegration and
dissolution rates. Still higher dissolution rates might be achieved if all the formulation contains hydrophilic excipients
even lubricants also. In the present work, 9 different formulations were prepared using three super – disintegrants viz.
sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone and cross carmellose sodium containing alone, and combination of PVP and SLS
with each disintegrant. The disintegration and dissolution tests revealed interesting findings on behavior of SLS that
though it increased disintegration time, it enhanced dissolution rate. The PVP was found to be effective as binder even in
dry form.
Carboxymethylation of Anacardium Occidentale L. Exudate Gum: Synthesis and Characterization
Adeyanju Olusola, Abayomi Toluwalope G, Olajide Olutayo
Sch Acad J Pharm | 213-216
DOI : 10.36347/sajp
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The use of natural gums taken from the exudates and extracts of plants has been given a strong impulse due to
the lucrative possibilities for industrialization and excellent international market. Anacardium occidentale L gum consists
of highly branched galactan framework comprising of chains of (1-3) – linked with β-D-galacto pyranosyl units
interspersed with β-(1-6)-linkages, possessing hydroxyl groups available for the attachment of biologically active
compounds. The modification discussed includes the introduction of carboxymethyl groups into the molecules for
extending the applications of partially carboxymethylated A. occidentale gum. The carboxymethylation conditions with
respect to the volume and concentration of sodium hydroxide, weight of chloro-acetic acid in a reaction temperature were
optimized. The solubility of modified gum was higher than the unmodified gum. The resulting product was characterized
by FTIR spectroscopy. The carboxymethylated gum may provide an efficient alternative approach for the oral delivery of
hydrophilic macromolecules
