Validation means confirmation of quality by with the documentation system. Quality is the main aspect of every pharmaceutical company and it is achieved with the help of validation process. Validation is the documented evidence that the process, procedure, activity or system operated within parameters, can perform effectively and reproducibly to produce a desire quality product. It is a fundamental part of quality assurance because it provides sensitivity, precision, efficiency, and reproducibility, at every stage of various processes which perform for different requirements. Through this overview the writers take the time to provide a summary of validation concept of carrying out validation trials and serve a perception to its significance in the pharmaceutical industry.

A Hyphenated technique is combination or coupling of two different analytical techniques. Which is used as a separation techniques and an online spectroscopic detection technology? . The remarkable improvements in hyphenated analytical methods over the last two decades have significantly broadened their applications in the analysis of biomaterials, natural products, elemental species, explosives, trace elements, etc. and show specificity and sensitivity. in this article recent advance application about hyphenated techniques and information about analytical techniques, GCMS,CE-MS, LC-MS, LC-FTIR, LC-NMR, etc. the different areas like forensic science, environment, biotechnology, geography, pharmaceutical etc. are discussed with appropriate examples for various purpose.

Holarrhena floribunda is a plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various pathologies. However, it could cause toxic effects on the heart of patients. In order to determine its possible cardiotoxic effects, forty rats were randomly grouped into 2 (control group and treated group), combined with 10 rats (control satellite group and satellite treated group). Treated and satellite treated groups received, by gavage, 1000 mg / kg b.w. of the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of H. floribunda (EAHf). Control and satellite control groups were administered orally with distilled water for 90 days. Animals blood samples were taken a day before the beginning of administration of H. floribunda and every week during the first month and at the end of every month from the second month until the end of the experiment. Serum was prepared for cardiac biochemical markers assay. The rats of the treated group at the end of the third month and those of the satellite group at the end of the fourth month were euthanized using overdose of ether, the heart of the rats was removed for gross morphology and histopathology analysis. The results of the biochemical parameters showed that this extract induced a significant decrease (p <0.05) in total cholesterol, calcium, potassium and a significant increase (p < 0.05) of HDL, sodium levels, and AST activities. On the other hand, ALT, LDH and CPK activities, and serum triglyceride concentrations did not show any significant changes (p <0.05) in treated rats group compared to controls. Microscopic observations of heart tissue sections of rats treated with the ethyl acetate extract of H. floribunda showed no lesions, no edema, and no necrosis. These results suggest that H. floribunda did not interfere with functioning or altered the integrity of the heart.

Despite the enormous amount of research and rapid developments seen during the past decades, cancer continues to be a killer and a major public health problem worldwide. Gossypol, a polyphenolic compound derived from cottonseeds, has been the target of many researches due to its multifaceted biological activities such as antifertility, antivirus, antioxidant, antitryphagosomal, antimicrobial, antimalarial and most importantly anticancer activities. In present review we summarized the results of studies obtained in a comprehensive search of Science Direct, PubMed, Scirus, Springer LINK E-books and Web of Science. Basing on its mechanism of action and the synergy with other anticancer agents we found gossypol to be a very good promising chemotherapeutic agent as it has shown its potentiality in vitro, in vivo using animal models and in clinical trials against several different types of cancer.

Diclofenac sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties was selected as a model drug. The aim of the present work is to formulate a tablet which disintegrate, dissolve rapidly and give its rapid onset of action. The present study was to formulate and in-vitro evaluation of fast disintegrating tablets of Diclofenac sodium using fast disintegrating agents like Sodium Starch Glycolate, Crosspovidone and Natural polymer such as Aegle marmelos (Bael Fruit) gum powder by direct compression technique in the concentration of 2%W/W, 4%W/W, 6%W/W & 8%W/W. Each formulation was evaluated for various pre and post compression parameters such as Flow property, Bulk density, Tapped density, Weight variation, Hardness, Friability, Wetting time, Disintegration time, Assay, in-vitro dissolution. Among the 12 formulations, F12 formulation Diclofenac sodium with 8%w/w of Aegle marmelos showed better disintegration time and enhance the dissolution rate. From the In-Vitro dissolution rate studies 99.97% release of drug within 25 minutes and the mechanism of drug release from the tablets was followed to be first order kinetics. FT-IR studies showed there was no interaction between the drug and polymers (or) excipients.

Baccaurea ramiflora (family: Euphorbiaceae) is native to Southeast Asia region and is found distributed in the sub-Himalayan tract, mainly from Nepal to Sikkim, Darjeeling hills, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Assam, Bhutan, Burma, Penninsular Malaysia, Tibet and Andaman islands. Microcos paniculata (family: Euphorbiaceae) is a shrub that is abundant in secondary forests and also grown as hedges. As the oil of these plants is extensively used in number of herbal preparation for curing inflammatory disorders, the present study was undertaken to assess analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of its leaves extracts. Dried and crushed leaves of Baccaurea ramiflora and Microcos paniculata were defatted with petroleum ether and then extracted with alcohol. The alcoholic extract at the doses of 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg body weight was subjected to evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in experimental animal models. Analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate methods in Swiss albino mice; acute and chronic anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw oedema and cotton pellet granuloma in Wistar albino rats. Aspirin, Pentazocine and Diclofenac sodium were employed as reference drugs for analgesic and anti-inflammatory studies, respectively. In the present study, the alcoholic leaves extracts of Baccaurea ramiflora and Microcos paniculata demonstrated significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in the tested models

Many adjuvants have been used with local anaesthetics to reduce the time of onset and prolong the duration of analgesia in brachial plexus blocks. Very few studies are there comparing dexmedetomidine versus clonidine as adjuvant. This study was done to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine and clonidine as adjuvant to local anaesthetics in supraclavicular block. In this double blinded clinical trial, 90 ASA classes I and II patients posted to undergo upper extremity surgery were divided into 3 different groups randomly. Group C patients received 35 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine and Clonidine (1 mcg/kg), Group D patients received 35 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine and Dexmedetomidine (1 mcg/kg), while group B received 35 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine only in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Time of request for 1st rescue analgesia, onset and duration of sensory motor blocks and changes in hemodynamic parameters were studied and analyzed. Time for request for rescue analgesia was delayed in group D compared to group B and C. The mean of sensory and motor block onset time in group D was less than in group B and C, the difference between the two group being statistically significant(p<0.001).In group D mean duration of sensory block was prolonged compared to group B and C, which was statistically significant(p<0.001). The addition of dexmedetomidine as adjuvant to bupivacaine in brachial plexus blockade delayed the requirement of rescue analgesia with decreased onset time and prolonged duration of sensory and motor block characteristics compared to clonidine

Emulgels are topical dosage form in which emulsions are gelled by mixing with gelling agent. Incorporation of emulsion into gel increases stability of emulsion and provides controlled release system. Emulgels have emerged as a promising drug delivery system for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs. The main objective of the present study is to prepare emulgel using capsaicin, an analgesic as drug of choice. Liquid paraffin was used as oil phase of o/w emulsion and combination of Span 80 and Tween 80 were used as emulsifying agent and clove oil was used as permeation enhancer. Polymers like carbopol 974, carbopol 930, HPMC K100, HPMC K4M and HEC are used as gelling agent in various proportions. Total of 7 formulations were prepared by changing the gelling agent and their concentration. The prepared emulgels were evaluated for physical appearance, pH, spreadability co-efficient, physical stability, drug content, skin irritation test and in-vitro drug release. All the formulations were physically stable with the pH values within the range and have shown good spreadability coefficient. There was no irritation or swelling observed in the rats during the test period. In-vitro diffusion studies were carried out using pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and formulation F1 (Carbopol 974- 1%) has shown best results with zero order release kinetics and diffusion mechanism