Original Research Article
Dec. 7, 2021
Etiological observation of Children with Acute Kidney Injury in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Ahmed F, Hanif M, Fardush T
Sch J App Med Sci | 1777-1781
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.001
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Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), formerly known as Acute Renal Failure, is characterized by a reversible increase in creatinine and nitrogenous waste product concentrations in the blood, as well as the kidney's failure to maintain proper fluid and electrolyte balance. Whether the etiology of AKI varies by area, the incidence of AKI in children appears to be increasing. The etiology of AKI in hospitalized children has shifted from primary renal disease to various causes during the last several decades, particularly in hospitalized children. As a result, further study is needed to determine the most recent trends in AKI in this region. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to observe the etiology and its effect on outcome on children. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was performed in the Department of Pediatrics, Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, during the period of 12 months from January 2015 to December 2015. A total of 50 children were selected from the ones admitted into the hospital following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed history was taken, thorough physical examination and relevant laboratory investigations were done in all enrolled patients. All underwent necessary supportive care as needed until discharge or death. Result: In the present study, the mean age of the children was 2.8 ± 1.9 years, with the youngest one being 4 days and the oldest, 12.5 years. Male: female ratio was 1.8:1. Children in the age group of 1-5 years were most commonly affected. Pre-renal cause was the most common cause of acute kidney injury, present in 64% of the cases, and diarrheal complication was the most common disease in pre-renal cases. Mean serum creatinine were extremely high with Mean±SD levels of 4.03±2.81 (mg/dL). Conclusion: It was observed that, AKI was more common in early childhood (less than 5 years) than more than 5 years. Pre-renal causes etiology was the most common among the participants, and majority of the pre-renal.......
Original Research Article
Dec. 8, 2021
The Prevalence of Malnutrition and its Impact on Children with Congenital Heart Disease in Post Cardiac Surgery
Dr. Moammad Makbul Hossain, Dr. Md. Bahauddin Al Mamun, Dr. Sabarin Ahmed
Sch J App Med Sci | 1782-1785
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.002
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Background: Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) require adequate nutrition for growth and development. Children with CHD are often malnourished and with dyspnea, leading to failure to thrive. Children with CHD have a high basal metabolic rate leading to high caloric requirement. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence ofmalnutrition and its impact on children with congenital heart disease in post cardiac surgery. Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and Institute, Bangladesh. Data were collected from January 2019 to January 2020. A total of 40 pediatric patients with CHD admitted for cardiac surgery were included in the study. Sample were collected through purposive sampling as per inclusion criteria. Results: During the study, most of the children belonged to 1 year to 5 years of age group and 60% were male. The nutritional status of the patients before surgery was defined as normal 55%, malnutrition 45%. In malnutrition group heart defect cases was higher than that of normal group. Mean z score for A/W(SEM) was -1.05 in normal group and -3.06 in malnutrition group. Malnourished patients clearly showed a tendency (P=0.005) to have a longer length of intubation, i.e., mean 35.67 hours when compared with those with a normal nutritional status who have mean intubation time of 27.51 hours. The other morbidity factor measured was the length of ICU stay, which also showed a significant result. Conclusion: In Bangladesh, malnutrition is frequent among children with congenital cardiac defects which increases risk of morbidity related with prolonged mechanical ventilation and ICU stays. To minimize potentially harmful effects, the health care system should be able to screen and identify these individuals early on.
Diagnostic Challenge in Boy with Recurrent Meningitis
Aljabri, Hasan A, Alsaadi Ali S, Albooq Atef, Arkoubi Maher M, AlEnazi, Badi, Alharbi, Abdullah Mohammed, Alharbi, Abdulaziz S
Sch J App Med Sci | 1786-1788
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.003
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Recurrent infections in children ranging from simple condition as upper respiratory tract infection which may be normal in this age to more serious infection as in deep seated infection. Meningitis is one of serious infection. Recurrent meningitis must be taken seriously and looking for causes and appropriate management. The aim of this case report is to present a rare case with serious complication. The other issue is to increase the awareness of cerebrospinal leaks among general pediatrics and general practitioners.
Original Research Article
Dec. 10, 2021
A Study on Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Association with Glycemic Control at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Himachal Pradesh
Prakash Pursnani, Parth Rajdev, Divya Pursnani, Rajesh Kashyap, Meghna Gupta
Sch J App Med Sci | 1789-1793
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.004
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Diabetes Mellitus (DM) denotes a group of metabolic disorders resulting from a multifaceted interaction of genetic and environmental factors that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia which when uncontrolled results in impaired lipid metabolism leading to an array of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and other complication. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates the global prevalence of diabetes to increase from 7.5% in 2019 to 8.0% in 2030 and 8.6% in 2045 with India ranking 2nd in top 10 countries with most number of people with diabetes contributing significantly to global disease burden. The present study was carried out with the aim of determining the increase in abnormal lipid profile among cases of diabetes compared to apparently healthy controls and to determine the presence or absence of association between abnormal blood glucose and dyslipidemia. The study comprised of 202 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 202 apparently healthy controls all of whom underwent laboratory investigation using venous blood sampling to determine their serum glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Random blood sugar (RBS), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). The prevalence of abnormal lipid profile was greater in cases compared to controls with a significant correlation between poor glycemic control and dyslipidemia. This finding clearly indicates that patients with diabetes have a greater prevalence of dyslipidemia which had adverse effects on end organs especially the heat and brain. Thus optimal glycemic control is essential to control lipid dysfunction in diabetics hence leading to decreased morbidity.
Original Research Article
Dec. 10, 2021
Effects at the Thyroid Level of the use of Lithium in Bipolar Patients
Daniela Carolina Salcedo Restrepo, Diego Alexander Rios Dussan, Ludin Alexandra Rueda Becerra, Cindy Goretti Thola Pérez, Luis José Payares Celins, Ricardo Antonio Rendón Muñoz, Claudia Alejandra ....
Sch J App Med Sci | 1794-1797
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.005
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Background: Mood disorders also known as affective disorders include unipolar and bipolar disorders. Manic-depressive disorder, more contemporary identified as bipolar disorder, is a chronic and complex disorder. Mood stabilizers and antipsychotics are the mainstay of acute treatment for bipolar mania and depression. Lithium is the gold standard for treating bipolar disorder. Methodology: A narrative review was carried out through various databases from January 2009 to November 2021; the search and selection of articles was carried out in journals indexed in English. Keywords were used: Thyroid; lithium; bipolar; Thyroiditis; Goiter; Hypothyroidism. Results: Lithium is abundantly present at the thyroid level, the uptake of iodine being reduced. Causing as a collateral effect the increase in TSH, increasing uptake. These various alterations caused by lithium can lead to developing goiter and hypothyroidism, being the most frequent. Conclusions: This review offers an updated approach to the pathophysiological mechanisms caused by lithium as well as the main alterations produced by it.
Original Research Article
Dec. 13, 2021
Hydatid Disease in Children, Our Experience at Queen Rania Al Abdullah Hospital
Gaith Khassawneh, Waseem Almefleh, Hiba Abbady, Adnan Bawaneh, Amer Elbrahem, Ahmad Alraymoni
Sch J App Med Sci | 1798-1800
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.006
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Background: Hydatid disease in children is one of the commonest proplems in pediatric age group in Jordan. It is complications is the main concern of pediatric surgeons in Queen Rania Alabdullah Hospital for children. Objective: The aim of our research is to represent our experience in dealing and management of children with hydatid disease in Queen Rania Al Abdullah Hospital for children. Materials and methods: Retrospective study was conducted over period from Feb 2011 till Sep 2019, the medical records of 63 patients with hydatid disease who were treated in our centre were collected. Demographic data, site of disease, complications, and outcome were demonstrated and analysed. Results: 63 patients with hydatid disease were seen in our centre since 2011 till 2019. 39 were males and 24 females with male to female ratio (1,6:1) Mean age was 8,5 years, ranged from 2,3 to 14,8. Single organ involvement was seen in 55 patients versus 8 patients with multiple organs. Conclusion: Hydatid disease is a common proplem in our country. Lung involvement is the most common involved organ in pediatric age group. Surgery is the main modality of treatment with high success rate and low complications.
Original Research Article
Dec. 14, 2021
Efficacy of Short Term Intermittent Chemotherapy in DOTS Regimen in Extra Spinal Tuberculosis
Md. Nur Alam, Md. Golam Sarwar, Md. Shah Alam, Md. Rezaul Karim, Abdullah Al-Mamun Choudhury, Nadia Mehnaz
Sch J App Med Sci | 1801-1804
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.007
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Noncompliance is one of the major issues with the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), which can lead to treatment failure. A short-course of chemotherapy as recommended by World Health Organization under the umbrella term of Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) therapy seems to be effective. The main aim in present study was done to evaluate the efficacy of short term intermittent chemotherapy in DOTS regimen in patients with extra spinal osteoarticular TB. The present prospective study was conducted in the Department of Ortho & Spine Surgery, National Institute of Traumatology & Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka, Bangladesh over a period of one year between January 2018 to February 2019. 21 patients included in our Study. All the patients were given the DOTS regime as recommended by WHO and followed up at intervals of one month during the treatment for assessing the clinical improvement and compliance of the patient. The results in present study, there were 85.71% males and 14.29% were females. 42.86% were students followed by the labourer (28.57%). Hip (47.62%) was the most commonly involved joint followed by short bones of hand and foot (19.5%). All (100%) patients had an elevated ESR at the time of presentation. Eighty percent patients had shown increase in weight at the end of 6 month of treatment. All patients of extra spinal osteoarticular TB showed improvement. Treatment was found sufficient for 80% of the patients. In 20% cases treatment duration was extended. In discussion the Short term intermittent chemotherapy in DOTS regimen was optimum for the treatment of extra spinal osteoarticular TB and was associated with good compliance.
Original Research Article
Dec. 16, 2021
Prevalence of Hypertension among the Adult Population in Qatar: A Literature Review
Rahim Abdul Rashid, Rashid Hameed, Tahir Hamid
Sch J App Med Sci | 1805-1812
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.008
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Background: Hypertension (HTN) is the leading preventable and modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Diseases well known to be associated with hypertension have been discerned among the adult population within the state of Qatar. These include myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, obesity, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, dyslipidemia and erectile dysfunction. Our literature review aims to provide a review of the current literature on hypertension among the adult population within the State of Qatar. Methods: A review of studies published between 1982-2019 in the area of hypertension was conducted with the use of PubMed, using the key words “hypertension + adults+ Qatar”. We also used the reference list of all articles retrieved, and author names to expand our search that was used for this review. Hypertension in Children and Hypertension in Pregnancy was excluded from our search results. Results: A total of 17 studies were included for review, which included 9 cross sectional studies, 4 retrospective studies, 3 prospective studies and 1 matched case control study. In addition to diseases well known to be associated with hypertension novel associations have been observed. These include hearing impairment, potentially inappropriate prescribing and subclinical magnesium deficiency. There is a significantly greater prevalence of hypertension among individuals with a family history of consanguinity within the indigenous population of Qatar. Furthermore a greater morbidity and mortality from certain conditions associated with hypertension have been noted within this group. Conclusion: Prevalence of hypertension among adults within the State of Qatar is approximately 32% (16.8% - 32.1%) which is in keeping with current overall global estimates. Hypertension in the State of Qatar primarily affects the elderly population (above 50 years) and is associated with a number of morbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD), congestive heart failure (CHF), obesity, ...........
Original Research Article
Dec. 19, 2021
Gender Differences in Emotional Intelligence and Coping Strategies in Patients of Bipolar Depressive Disorder
Dr. Pretty Duggar, Dr. Ranjive Mahajan, Dr. Navkiran Sooch Mahajan, Dr. Sandeep Puri
Sch J App Med Sci | 1813-1833
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.009
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Introduction: Bipolar Affective disorders make up an important category of psychiatric illness. These patients encounter significant life adversity, which has contributed to these being one of the leading causes of disability. Emotional Intelligence is the ability of an individual to understand one’s own and other’s emotions and feelings and use this knowledge in coping with situations. Coping abilities of individuals determine the vulnerability to stressful life events, which is an important factor influencing the risk for relapse. Ways of coping are an individual’s overt and covert behaviors which are employed to reduce or eliminate psychological distress or stressful condition. Yet research on which coping strategies are most influencing disability, in such patients and their comparison between male and female patients is very scarce. Aim & Objectives of Study: Gender difference in emotional intelligence and coping strategies in persons with bipolar depressive disorders. Materials & Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted on stable patients who came for follow-up in Psychiatry OPD of DMC&H, Ludhiana. A total of 150 subjects were included. The sample was divided into 3 groups: Females with Bipolar depression (n=50), Males with Bipolar Depression (n=50), Healthy controls (n=50), age matched. The subjects were evaluated on their symptoms via HAM-D scale and their coping strategies by using the Brief Cope Questionnaire. Result: All the subjects were equally divided in terms of genders. Females scored higher on HAM-D than males. Females used emotion focused coping strategies significantly whereas males used problem focused coping strategies. It was also seen that females score higher on emotional intelligence than males. Conclusion: Our study showed females had significant association with the use of emotion focused coping strategies and males showed significant association with problem focused coping strategies. It was also seen that females score .........
Recurrent Desmoid Tumor of the Abdominal Wall
Abdelaziz Hebbezni, Houda El Madkouri, Badr Boutakioute, Meriem Ouali Idrissi, Najat Cherif Idrissi Ganouni
Sch J App Med Sci | 1834-1838
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.010
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Desmoid tumors or aggressive fibromatosis are monoclonal fibroblast proliferations. They are characterized by an invasive infiltrating capacity, a very high local recurrence rate but without metastatic potential. Imaging plays an essential role in diagnosis and therapeutic management is multidisciplinary. We report the case of a 60-year-old patient presenting with an abdominal mass of the left lateral wall gradually increasing in size and whose diagnosis of desmoid tumor of the abdominal wall was retained.
Original Research Article
Dec. 21, 2021
Platelet Count and Complications in Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia Patients in Pregnancy: An Observational Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Dr. Kanika Roy, Dr. Biplab Kumar Das
Sch J App Med Sci | 1839-1845
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.011
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Objective: To measure the platelet count and complications in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia patients in pregnancy. Methods and Materials: This was a cross sectional observational study and conducted from 1st January 2018 to 30th June 2018 in Sheikh Sayera Khatun Medical College Hospital, Gopalgonj. Total 150 samples were taken from indoor of Sheikh Sayera Khatun Medical College Hospital, Gopalgonj. Purposive sampling technique was followed in this study. Patients who clinically present with features of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia without any chemical evidence of haemorrhegic menifestations were included in this study. Any maternal abnormalities in pregnancies (such as multiple pregnancy, pregnancy with heart diseases, GDM etc.) except pre-eclampsia and eclampsia and patients who were suffering from other coagulation disorder before pregnancy were excluded from the study. Results: average mean maternal age for the eclampsia group was 23.12±4.20 years and mean maternal age for the pre-eclampsia group was 28.24±5.86 years. Average mean gestational age for the eclampsia group was 33.50±2.58 weeks and average mean gestational age for the pre-eclampsia group was 37.50±3.89 weeks. 58 (70.73%) eclamptic patients and 18 (39.13%) pre-eclamptic patients were primigravida. 24 (29.27%) eclamptic patients and 28 (60.89%) pre-eclamptic patients were multigravida. p value of Mean maternal age, gestational age and gravida is < 0.001, which is significant. platelet count in > 200,000 / cu mm in eclampsia is (4.87%) and PET is 02 (4.35%), platelet count between 150,000 – 200,000 / cu mm in eclampsia is (13.41%) and PET is (30.43%). platelet count between 100,000 -150,000 / cu mm in eclampsia is 66 (80.49%) and PET is 30 (65.22%). Platelet count between 50,000 - 100,000/ cu mm in eclampsia is 01 (1.21%). Platelet count > 200,000 / cu mm present in 4 eclampsia is and 2 PET patients, out of which no patient developed any abnormal coagulation or any complications. Platelet count ...........
Original Research Article
Dec. 22, 2021
Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin, As a Diagnostic Marker of Acute Kidney Injury in Cirrhotic Patients
Md. Rofiqul Islam, Md. Shafiqul Islam, Nooruddin Ahmad, S. K. M Nazmul Hasan, Mohammad Nurul Islam Khan, Mst. Musarrat Sultana
Sch J App Med Sci | 1846-1852
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.012
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Background: Acute kidney injury leads the liver cirrhosis patients to the doom of multiorgan failure. The acute kidney injury diagnosis in the early possible period in the hospitalized cirrhotic patients can save many lives. But it is difficult to detect acute kidney injury early without conventional biochemical tool, serum creatinine. Abrupt increase of the level of serum creatinine by at least 0.3 mg/dL may be termed as acute kidney injury. It may occur in about 20% of hospitalized patients in decompensating liver cirrhosis. The commonest causes of acute kidney injury in cirrhotic patients are pre-renal azotemia, hepatorenal syndrome and acute tubular necrosis. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess of an increase urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin level predicts the development of acute kidney injury in cirrhotic patients, to determine the accuracy of urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin as a diagnostic marker of acute kidney injury in cirrhotic patients and to find out the cut off value of urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin level to diagnose acute kidney injury in cirrhotic patients. Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional study at the department of hepatology, BSMMU, Dhaka, during September 2016 to April 2017. Total 70 hospitalized patients with decompensated cirrhosis & decompensated cirrhosis with AKI prone condition and who fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. Patient with co-morbid condition (COPD, CKD, CCF etc.), history of pre-existing liver or kidney transplantation, hemodialysis and urinary tract obstruction were excluded from this study. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 43.49±12.46 years and 46.09±14.90 years in Group A and Group B respectively. Twenty six (74.3%) were male and 9 (25.7%) were female in Group A. Twenty seven (77.1%) were male and 8 (22.9%) were female in group B. Male patients were predominant in both groups. .............
Original Research Article
Dec. 22, 2021
Maternal Outcome in Patients of Cardiac Disease in Pregnancy at Tertiary Care Centre
Dr. Shruti Achawal, Dr. V. B. Bangal, Dr. Ajit Deshpande
Sch J App Med Sci | 1853-1856
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.013
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Background: Heart disease complicates at least 1% of pregnancies. There are two groups of cardiac disease in women of childbearing age: Congenital and acquired heart disease. Acquired heart disease includes rheumatic heart disease (RHD), cardiomyopathies and ischemic heart disease. Cardiac disease is usually secondary to streptococcal infections. Material and methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Rural Medical College, Loni between the period of July 2020 to November 2021. A total of 52 pregnant women with cardiac disease were admitted during the study period. Data was collected from previous hospital records. Results: A total 52 pregnant women with cardiac disease were included in the study. Total number of deliveries during this period was 13806. The incidence of cardiac disease was found to be 0.37%. Present study showed that the predominant lesion Rheumatic Heart Disease seen in 41 patients comprising 78.84% of patients of cardiac disease visiting our hospital. Conclusion: In our study, it is observed that in patients with pre-existing heart disease were associated with small for gestational age babies. Cardiac disease complicating pregnancy is a high risk situation which needs attention and thorough work-up. Maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality can be reduced by regular antenatal checkups and early detection of cardiac disease. Joint management by an obstetrician, cardiologist and physician with co-operation of the patient to the fullest will result in achieving optimum maternal and fetal outcome.
Original Research Article
Dec. 24, 2021
Health and Nutritional Status of Children (0-6 Years age) in Rural Field Practice Area of Katihar Medical College
Inam Binish, Inam Adil, Alam Fakhar
Sch J App Med Sci | 1857-1863
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.014
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Introduction: India has a sizeable child population. The 2011 census in the first one in many decades which counted less absolute number of children in the 0-6 years age group compared to 2001 census count of 164 million children, there were 159 million children in 2011. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural field practice area of Katihar Medical College situated around 5 km away from Katihar. A total of 600 under six children were approached for conducting the present study, of which 592 were interviewed and selected for the study. Results: Out of 592 children 216 (36.4%) children were exclusively breast feed. Further it was observed that majority i.e. 137 (63.43%) of the children were normal in whom exclusive breast feeding was practiced. It was observed that out of the 548 fully immunized for age children a maximum i.e. 288 (52.55%) were normal. Maximum i.e. 11 (73.33 %) of the unimmunized children were under nutrition. Majority of the children were less than 24 months of age, number of female children were slightly higher than male children. Majority of the children were Muslims followed by Hindus and only one child was Christian. Maximum number of children belonged to class IV followed by class III socio-economic class, according to modified Kuppuswamy classification. Discussion: According to occupation of the father and nutritional status. Majority of the fathers were involved in unskilled occupation or semiskilled occupation i.e. 356 (60.13%). Unemployed fathers had a higher proportion of under nutrition children 7(58.33%), followed by fathers involved in unskilled /semiskilled work 183(51.4%). Fathers involved in semi-professional/professional occupation had maximum proportion of normal children 7(77.78%). Conclusion: Majority of the children belonged to nuclear type of family. The literacy percentage was slightly higher in fathers than in mothers. Majority of fathers were labourers followed by clerical work or owned .....
Original Research Article
Dec. 25, 2021
“Tuberculous and Nontuberculous Cervical Lymphadenitis: A Clinical Experience”
Mahbubul Alam Choudhury, Dr. Md Feroz Hossen, Sharmin Akter, Mohammad Maruf Reza
Sch J App Med Sci | 1864-1866
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.015
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Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death in adults. Tuberculous lymphadenitis continues to be a major health problem in our country. In patient with cervical lump, tuberculosis remains a common cause. Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is commonly encountered in clinical practice. Objective: To observe whether there are any differences in clinical characteristic between tuberculous and nontuberculous lymphadenitis and to evaluate the importance of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the management of tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis. Materials & Methods: A prospective study was carried out among 101 patients of cervical lymphadenitis in ENT department of Mission General Hospital, Nilphamary, Bangladesh. The study period was from June 2019 to June 2019. Results: There were 53 male and 48 female. The age ranged from 9 to 68 years. Posterior triangles were found to be the most common involved site. The incidences of constitutional symptoms, like malaise, anorexia, weight loss and fever were similar between the two groups. Thirty nine patients were diagnosed as tuberculous lymphadenitis by FNAC, 53 patients diagnosed as reactive lymphadenitis and no definitive diagnosis were made for 8 patients. The excisional biopsy reported 42 patients as tuberculous lymphadenitis, 56 were diagnosed as reactive lymphadenitis and two patients were diagnosed as Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. In this study sensitivity and specificity of FNAC in the diagnosis of the tuberculous lymphadenitis were 85.71% and 94.82% respectively. Conclusion: Patients with tuberculous and non-tuberculous lymphadenitis had similar clinical features and hence were difficult to differentiate clinically. FNAC is a highly specific tool in the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis.
Original Research Article
Dec. 25, 2021
Association of Serum C- Reactive Protein with Severity of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Muhammad Nazmul Alam, Mahabubur Rahman, Tahrima Showkat, Paresh Chandra Halder, Biplab Kumar Das, Kartick Chandra Halder, Faruk Ahmed, Jasmin Akhtar, Sharmin Akter, Mohammad Maruf Reza
Sch J App Med Sci | 1867-1872
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.016
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Introduction: Stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Of the total number of prevalent strokes, more than 80% are ischemic. Atherosclerosis being an inflammatory condition is associated with raised serum level of CRP. Hence the possible role of serum CRP in pathogenesis of AIS is being studied. Many studies support that serum CRP is a marker of stroke severity and prognosis. Materials and Methods: The observational and prospective study was carried out at Department of Neurology, Sheikh Sayera Khatun Medical College, Gopalganj, Bangladesh from January to December-2020.The present study ‘Serum C-reactive protein in Acute Ischemic stroke and its impact on stroke severity and prognosis. Total 51 neuroimaging confirmed cases of AIS were selected randomly for this non- interventional prospective study. Serum CRP was measured in all patients and NIHSSS was used for assessing stroke severity. Results: The mean CRP level was 21.93±3.60 mg/l and only 18% of cases were having normal CRP level. 60% of cases were having serum CRP level in the range of 3-30mg/L and 18% were having even the higher level. Age of the patient significantly correlated with the CRP level (r=0.294 at p-0.05) but the sex didn’t affect the rise in CRP (p= 0.490). Serum CRP level was affecting the stroke severity significantly (r=0.643, p-0.000).The mean CRP level in discharged patients was 10.51 ± 13.21 mg/l whereas it was 44.11 ± 29.7 mg/l in those who died in the hospital. Thus CRP level affected mortality of acute ischemic stroke significantly. (p-0.00). Conclusion: CRP is raised in most of the patients of acute ischemic stroke and its elevation reveals the underlying inflammation causing atherosclerosis as well as CRP as a marker of brain injury. Serum C-reactive protein elevation is associated with more severe stroke and poor prognosis.
Original Research Article
Dec. 25, 2021
Second Generation Supraglottic Airway Devices: A Randomized Comparison of the Ambu Aura Gain Versus the LMA Proseal in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgeries
Dr. Akila K, Dr. Ravi Shankar V, Dr. Thavamani A, Dr. Keerthana P
Sch J App Med Sci | 1873-1879
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.017
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Background: Second generation Supraglottic airway devices are increasingly used in laparoscopic surgeries. Supraglottic airway devices have no effect on pharyngo-esophageal reflex and prevent aspiration. We attempt to elucidate whether Ambu Aura Gain (AAG) would provide a higher Oropharyngeal Leak Pressure (OLP) with a lower mucosal pressure compared to ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway (PLMA). Objective: The present study was done to evaluate and compare Ambu Aura Gain and ProSeal Laryngeal mask airway with respect to number of insertion attempts, ease of insertion, time required for placement, Oropharyngeal leak pressure, hemodynamic changes and complications in laparoscopic surgeries. Method: 60 patients who belong to ASA physical status I & II, posted for laparoscopic surgeries, were divided into two groups of 30 each. Group A (n=30) - Ambu Aura Gain used and Group B (n=30) – ProSeal laryngeal mask used. Result: No significant difference in OLP were observed. Both AAG and PLMA are easy to insert with a similar successful insertion rate on first attempt. The time taken for insertion of AAG was longer than PLMA. Conclusion: AAG provide adequate sealing pressure and easy to insert and can be used effectively as Supraglottic airway device for laparoscopic surgeries.
Original Research Article
Dec. 25, 2021
Assessment of Children’s Temporomandibular Joint Sounds and Ear Pain Associated with Teeth Bruxism
Nabeel Abo Kashreef, Ahmad Khaled Alhakim, Shady Ahmed Moussa
Sch J App Med Sci | 1880-1886
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.018
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Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds in children are frequent with TMJ disorder. In addition to many different findings are designed to assess the relationship between ear pain and TMJ sound with bruxism in children. Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the possible relationship between ear pain and joint sound with bruxism in children. Subjects and Methods: The sample comprised 60 schoolchildren participants between 6 to 10 years of age, of whom 30 children with bruxism as study group G1 and another 30 without bruxism as a control group G2 who were scheduled and randomly selected for this study. Examiner performed assessment who was blinded allocation of the groups. Three readings were performed on each participant. The assessment involved (manual palpation, lateral and dorsal extra-auricular auscultation of TMJ by stethoscope for detecting joint sounds, differentiating between joint sounds) Collected data were checked, entered, and statistically analyzed to test different variables by chi-square test with the level of significance (p< 0.05). Results: There was a statistically significant association between joint sounds regarding bruxism and age, which showed that higher prevalence rates of joint sounds were found in children aged eight to ten years in comparison to those aged six and seven years. However, there was a statistically insignificant association between joint sounds and type in relation to gender and ear pain. Conclusion: The bruxism in children may be associated with the symptoms of joint sounds with the significant association regarding age but insignificant with ear pain.
Original Research Article
Dec. 26, 2021
The Pattern of Occupational Skin Diseases among Construction Workers in Bangladesh
Dr. Shah Md. Ismail Hossain, Dr. Md. Mostafizur Rahman, Dr. Md. Sarwar Murshed Alam
Sch J App Med Sci | 1887-1890
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.019
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Objective: In this study our main goal is to evaluate the Pattern of occupational skin diseases among construction workers in Bangladesh. Method: This experimental and observational study was carried out at the tertiary medical college and hospital, from January 2017 to June 2019. Randomly 400 construction workers were selected from 50 construction areas situated in different cities in Bangladesh were selected as a study population. Results: During the study, all working fields are dirty or unhealthy and 3.50% of workers involved in wet works or washing, 20.75% In brick/stone works, 30.75% in cement works, 11.50% in metal work/welding, 15.25% in tar/pitch works, 8.00% in wood works and 10.25% in sand/mud works. Out of all skin diseases, (37.39%) patients were suffering from contact dermatitis, among which 28.15% was irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and 9.24% allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Other skin diseases were acne (14.29%), seborrheic dermatitis (10.92%), burn/scald (5.46%), accidental injury (7.14%), scabies (23.53%), fungal infection (Dermatophytosis/pityriasis versicolor/candidiasis) (23.53%), palmoplantar keratoderma (13.87%), lichen simplex chronicus (3.78%), pyoderma (4.20%), photodermatitis (2.52%) and urticaria (2.52 %). Among all construction workers 60% have at least one form of skin disease and rest of the workers were not found to have any skin disease. Conclusion: From the study we can conclude that, contact dermatitis is the most common and other skin diseases include fungal infection, scabies and acne. ¬ese occupational skin diseases may be prevented by providing improved work place, protective means, health education, adequate health services and improving professional skills.
Original Research Article
Dec. 26, 2021
Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid and its Relation to Maternal Risk Factors
Dr. K.R. Lohita Bala, Dr. Manali Sewalkar, Dr. Sehal Shah, Dr. Meka Keerthana
Sch J App Med Sci | 1891-1895
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.020
Abstract
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Background: Meconium stained amniotic fluid has been considered a sign of fetal distress in presentations other than breech and associated with poor fetal outcome but others considered meconium passage by fetus as physiological phenomenon and produces environmental hazards to fetus before birth. Such magnitude of different opinion was the object behind taking up of this study. Aims and objectives: To study maternal risk factors responsible for meconium stained amniotic fluid and its correlation with the fetal outcome in terms of morbidity and mortality. Meterial and methods: 100 women in labour with meconium stained amniotic fluid studied considering the inclusion criteria in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni. Cases divided into two -‘thin’ and ‘thick’ meconium stained group. Maternal and Fetal monitoring, uterine contraction assessed and Apgar score, birth weight, resuscitation of baby noted. All babies of both group followed up to first week neonatal life. Results: In our study, among 100 cases, 45% of the cases had thin meconium and 55% had thick meconium. Increased incidence of meconium staining was seen in crossed dates. The other risk factors were hypertension, anemia, oligohydramnios, IUGR. 56% went in for cesarean section due to intrapartum fetal distress. 33% of the cases went into NICU in view of low APGAR score due to birth asphyxia and meconium aspiration syndrome. Perinatal death was seen in 4 cases, one due to birth asphyxia and the other three due to MAS. Conclusion: Based on this study we conclude that meconium stained amniotic fluid is associated with increased incidence of caesarean section, low APGAR score, meconium aspiration syndrome and increased NICU admission.
Original Research Article
Dec. 27, 2021
The Management of Distal Radius Fracture for Adult Patients in Bangladesh
Dr. Abdur Rahman, Dr. A. K. M. Harun-Ar-Rashid, Dr A. T. M. Rezaul Karim, Dr. Mohammad Shaha Alam, Dr. Ayesha Begum, Dr. Salma Akhter, Dr. A. H. M. Azgar Ali Chowdhury
Sch J App Med Sci | 1896-1899
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.021
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Background: Distal radius fractures are one of the most common fractures patients experience. Although there are a variety of treatments, there is a lack of standardization as it relates to treatment of such fractures. Objective: In this study our main goal is to evaluate the management of distal radius fracture for adult patients in Bangladesh. Method: This observational prospective study was carried out at Chittagong Medical College Hospital and private hospitals in Chittagong from May 2015 to November 2020. Where a total of 30 Patients with unstable distal radial fracture attending at the emergency and outpatient department of Chittagong Medical College Hospital and Private Hospitals in Chittagong were included in this study. Results: During the study, according to mechanism of injury 60% patients fall on out stretched hand followed by 33.3% injuries responsible from MVA and 6.7% cases were occupational. most of the injuries belong to type II Fernandez classification, 33%. Followed by 30% injury cases belong to type II Fernandez classification, 23.3% cases belong to type I Fernandez classification, 6.7% cases belong to type IV and V classification. 86.7% cases need physiotherapy for <6 weeks followed by 13.3% cases need physiotherapy for >6 weeks. Also, according to distribution of overall assessment of anatomical outcome 80%cases were satisfactory and 20% cases unsatisfactory. Conclusion: Distal radius fractures are a common orthopedic injury. Advanced nursing practice providers either directly or indirectly participate in the care of these patients. Also, management of distal radius fracture for adult patients with volar locking plating system results in satisfactory results.
Original Research Article
Dec. 30, 2021
Influence of Age on Sleep Deprivation Induced Oxidative Stress in Different Brain Regions of Young and Old Rats
Neha Raina, Dushyant Singh Chauhan, Sandeep Tripathi
Sch J App Med Sci | 1900-1908
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.022
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Sleep plays a crucial role in maintaining brain function and neuronal signalling and helps maintain overall health of the individuals. Sleep deprivation (SD) disturbs the circadian physiology and exerts a negative impact on brain and behavioural functions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the SD induced oxidative stress with advancing age in different brain regions. In the present study, young and old rats were taken as control and experimental rats (n=6) respectively. Lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation significantly increased (p<0.05) and reduces antioxidant levels in experimental young and old rats. The most affected part of the brain was hippocampus followed by cerebral cortex. The biochemical changes observed in SD treated young rats were comparable to those of untreated old control rats. Therefore, SD may play a role in the premature aging of animals.
Original Research Article
Dec. 30, 2021
ROX Index Predicts Failure of HFNO Therapy in Patients of COVID-19 Pneumonia with Type I Respiratory Failure
Rukhsana Najeeb, Faheem Ahmad Patloo, Kouser Benazir, Fidah Mohamed, Faisal Rasool, Yousha Muneeb Gillani
Sch J App Med Sci | 1909-1913
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.023
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Background: In the first half of 2020 COVID-19 disease has already converted into a global pandemic. Various treatment options were being tried all over the world. The ROX index (Respiratory rate – Oxygenation), defined as the ratio of peripheral oxygen saturation and fraction of inspired oxygen, to respiratory rate, is a simple bedside test to predict failure of HFNO Therapy and need for MV. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of the ROX index for Predicting the failure of HFNO Therapy and need for Intubation in Patients of COVID-19 Pneumoniawith type I respiratory failure. Methods: An observational study of consecutive patients admitted in ICU of the department of Anesthesiology, critical care and pain management in Govt. Medical college Srinagar (J&K) over the period of six months with moderate tosevere type I respiratory failure treated with High Flow Nasal OxygenTherapy (HFNOT). One hundred and thirty four RT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients were enrolled. The following data were collected: medical history, clinical classification of COVID-19 infection, the ROX index measured daily and the outcome assessment. Results: We performed this observational study on 134RT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients. 70 (52.23%) patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 infection were intubated, 60% of them third day of admission, only 35% patients with moderate COVID-19 infection required intubation. Presence of comorbidities was directly associated with ROX index. At intubation, median (min-max) of ROX and PO2/FiO2 ratio was 4.02 (2.99–5.10) and 88.10 (58–106.15), respectively. ROX 1, 2, 3 indices were significantly as¬sociated with intubation (p < 0.001 for each of them). COVID-19 clinical classification was sig¬nificantly associated with intubation (p < 0.001). Conclusion: ROX index is a valuable, noninvasive tool to evaluate patients with moderate to severehypoxemic respiratory failure in COVID-19 treated with HFNOT. ROX is a simple noninvasive promising ......
Original Research Article
Dec. 30, 2021
A Study on Infant Feeding Practice among Multiparous Postnatal Mothers in Katihar City: A Cross- Sectional Study
Inam Binish, Inam Adil, Alam Fakhar
Sch J App Med Sci | 1914-1918
DOI : 10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i12.024
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Background: India is a land of diverse cultures and traditions. Infant feeding and rearing practices vary across communities, depending on social customs, traditional beliefs, literacy and socio-economic status of the family. These practices at times are not of any benefit to the newborn and can be harmful. Despite its rapid economic growth. Aim & objectives: To study the infant feeding practice in Katihar. Methods: The study was conducted by simple random sampling in Katihar Medical College. All the multiparous women who were in postnatal period were included in the study till sample size was reached. Data was collected after informed consent using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS. Results: Out of 100 mothers, 69% of the mothers had initiated breastfeeding within standard norms and 28.5% had given pre-lacteal feeds to their babies which was significantly associated with religion and type of family of the mothers. Majority of the mothers (95.5%) had given colostrum and its association with type of family was significant. Majority of them (80.1%) had breastfed their baby on demand. Breastfeeding technique was proper among only 62.8% of the mothers. Around 86.5% of the mothers had practiced EBF > 6 months and its association with age of the mother, socio-economic status was significant and 78% of the mothers breastfed their child for >18 months. About 85.5% mothers started complementary feeding with CFF. Conclusion: In spite of educational messages by health professionals, certain feeding practices are found unsatisfactory and certain harmful rearing practices are still prevalent in the community. This necessitates additional focus by the policy makers towards maternal and child health to ensure the needs to be fulfilled and to impose certain regulations against prevalent harmful practices in the community.
