Hand Written Circuit Schematic Recognition
Veena E, LakshmanNaik.R
Sch J Eng Tech | 681-684
DOI : 10.36347/sjet
Abstract
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Circuit drawing is an important task especially in undergraduate courses such as electronics and digital
systems. To improve human computer interaction, we have developed recognition system for the hand written circuit and
its components. Here, the scanned image of a diagram is pre-processed to remove noise and converted to binary level and
morphological operations are applied to obtain a clean, connected representation using thinned lines. The diagram
comprises of nodes, connections and components. Using appropriate thresholds on a spatially varying object pixel
density, nodes and components of the image are segmented. By the use of shape feature and Support Vector Machine
(SVM) classifier components and nodes are classified.
Efficacy of microwave against alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in apple Juice
Shaoying Zhang, Lei Zhang, Rui Zhang
Sch J Eng Tech | 705-710
DOI : 10.36347/sjet
Abstract
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Apple juice inoculated with alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris was treated with microwave at different power and
time, and the efficacy of microwave against alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris was investigated. The results showed that
alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris quantity decreased with microwave enhancement or time extension. When juice was
treated with microwave at higher than 720 W and for longer than 40 seconds, the alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris of apple
juice might effectively be prevented. Microwave treatment changed microbial morphology and destroyed cell membrane
permeability, and this was one probable reason that led alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris to death.
On Homogeneous Ternary Quadratic Diophantine Equation 4 �2 + �2 − 7�� = 16 �2
M. A. Gopalan, S. Vidhyalakshmi, R. Maheswari
Sch J Eng Tech | 676-680
DOI : 10.36347/sjet
Abstract
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The ternary quadratic homogeneous equation representing homogeneous cone given by 4 �2 + �2 −
7�� = 16 �2 is analyzed for its non-zero distinct integer points on it. Five different patterns of integer points
satisfying the cone under consideration are obtained. A few interesting properties among the solutions and polygonal
numbers are presented.
Flow-Based Model for Joint Routing and Request Routing in Hybrid Content Delivery Networks
Yevsyeyeva O, Khader Mohammed B
Sch J Eng Tech | 685-692
DOI : 10.36347/sjet
Abstract
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Growing number of users, increasing popularity of large-scale multimedia content and high requirements for
quality of delivery the content lead to integration of Content Delivery Networks (CDN) and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks
in whole hybrid (HCDN) architecture. Hybrid content delivery networks allow to combine low cost of services with high
their quality, but at same time they toughen up requirements to management practices, including request routing. In order
to maximize the productivity of content delivery system in whole, to provide guaranteed quality of service and to use
resources in effective way a management of requests in HCDN should be based on a rigorous mathematical justification.
In this paper we proposed a flow mathematical model that implies (a) downloading from several CDN-servers at same
time that allows to use computing and network resources in a balanced manner and to improve the result quality of
service, (b) solving of request routing on HCDN and traffic routing in transport telecommunication network jointly. A
distinctive feature of the proposed approach is taking into account state of the underlying transport infrastructure to select
CDN-servers. Numerical results show that proposed model provides multipath routing without differential delay and
allow reducing downloading delay
Analysis of Transmission and Diffraction Effects of Air Shock Wave upon Flexible Anti-blast Wall
Zhang Yao, Nian Xinzhe, Yan Dongjin
Sch J Eng Tech | 711-718
DOI : 10.36347/sjet
Abstract
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In order to study the transmission and diffraction phenomena of air shock wave impacting upon a flexible
wall, FE models were set up to conduct numerical simulations of air blast pressure flow field by LS-DYNA software.
The weights of TNT charge used in simulation were 5kg, 10kg, 15kg and 20kg respectively. The transmission and
diffraction phenomena of air shock wave behind the flexible wall were analyzed and variations of pressure time history
were compared. Finally, the air blast pressure distributions of transmission and diffraction wave behind the wall were
presented. The results show that there are two major peak pressures behind the flexible wall. One is the transmission
pressure and the other is the diffraction pressure. Transmitted pressure is caused by the motion of the deformed wall and
depends on the wall’s deformation rate. Diffraction pressure is caused by the diffraction of air shock wave propagated
over the wall. The distributions and variations of transmission pressure and diffraction pressure are different, and the
analyses about them should be treated differently.
Converting Banana Peels from Agricultural residues to Advantageous Substances
Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Sch J Eng Tech | 719-726
DOI : 10.36347/sjet
Abstract
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Constantly, increase and vary the human needs and its requirements that don’t expire as a result of witnessed
development of the life in all fields. Whenever the technology is advance in any area, increased human welfare and
rebound his life, whenever it is at the expense of earth planet environment where human live in it along with other
organisms. The most important of these problems is the problem of environmental pollution with various and different
types of toxic and harmful contaminants. This paper is related to the ability of Banana Peel (BP) to remove hexavalent
chromium Cr (VI) ions from simulated synthetic aqueous solutions (SSAS) by adsorption process, after extraction of
Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) enzyme from BP. The results show that best ability of BP to produce PPO enzyme by
extraction process and the maximum yield of enzyme produced was 14.75% and also show that high capability of BP
waste residue to remove Cr (VI) from SSAS with removal efficiency reach to 93.75%.
Aggregated Self-Similar Traffic Parameters Determination Methods for EPS network planning
Qasim Nameer
Sch J Eng Tech | 727-732
DOI : 10.36347/sjet
Abstract
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Essential to ensure the effective functioning of EPS (including LTE RAN) is planning efficiency of the
network. It was from design methods, the adequacy of mathematical models used in this case, depend the properties and
the viability of the future system. Recent studies of the properties of traffic in moderm networks have shown that the use of
models of self-similar processes can more accurately describe the traffic transmitted in these networks. Among the
published works is a great lack of studies that focus on problems of parametric synthesis of telecommunication network
based on the use of models of self-similar processes. In this article, we consider the solution of such problems as the choice
of mathematical models of group and individual traffic in EPS network and method of determining flow parameters at their
aggregation. Proposed expressions are correct both for self-similar traffic and for Poisson traffic case. As a result of
simulation proved the accuracy of the proposed method of determining the traffic parameters when aggregate self-similar
traffics. The error in determining the Hurst parameters does not exceed 2%. Other problems, as well as developing a method
of parametric synthesis of EPC network will be considered in our future research.
Cubic Diophantine Equation With Three Unknowns (a+3)x2-ay2=27z3
M.A.Gopalan, S.Vidhyalakshmi, E.Premalatha
Sch J Eng Tech | 733-737
DOI : 10.36347/sjet
Abstract
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The non homogeneous ternary cubic diophantine equation given by (a 3)x2 ay2 27z3 is considered.
Different patterns of non-zero distinct integer solutions to the above equation are obtined when a=1, 2 and 5 . For each of
there cases, a few interesting properties between the solutions and special numbers are presented.
Keywords: Non homogeneous, ternary cubic diophantine equation and Integral solutions.
A Review On Compressive And Flexural Strength Of Concrete Containing Fly Ash In Normal And Acidic Environment
Nirav Shah, Dishant shah, Harshil Shah, Vatsal. N. Patel
Sch J Eng Tech | 738-741
DOI : 10.36347/sjet
Abstract
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Concrete has become an indispensable construction material and it is now used in greater quantities than any
other material. In the present context durability, strength, economy and stainable development are key issues for
development. Concrete as key ingredient for construction is used to construct various industries and laboratory where it
may be exposed to acidic environment which results in loss of material and strength. Thus to make concrete durable
against acidic attack admixture may be added. The admixtures such as fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag, rice husk,
silica fume etc. can be added to improve the desire property of concrete. Out of all the above, the use of fly ash has
gained prominence due to growing awareness about the benefits and easy availability of the good quality fly ash. In India
about 60% of power plant runs on coal which produce 175 MT of fly ash per year. More than 70,000 acres of land is
presently occupied by ash ponds. Thus using fly ash as construction material helps in sustainable development and makes
concrete durable. This paper describes about the results obtained from various research done on the partial replacement
of cement with fly ash and other admixtures in concrete.
Hydrodynamic study of multi-phase semi-fluidization with activated alumina beads of 2-6 mm size
D. K. Samal, S. Mishra, Y. K. Mohanty, G. K. Roy
Sch J Eng Tech | 742-749
DOI : 10.36347/sjet
Abstract
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For application of semi-fluidized bed of activated alumina beads in different processes and operations, the
hydrodynamic studies have been made using five different sizes of activated alumina beads (2-6 mm diameter) as bed
materials in 0.05 m internal diameter cylindrical columns with water as the fluidizing medium in case of two-phase semifluidization (sf) and water (in continuous phase) with air (in bubbling phase) in case of three-phase semi-fluidization.
Spherical sizes (-2.5+3.5, -3.5+4, -4+5, -5+6 and -6+8 British Standard Sieve BSS) have been used as the solid-phase.
Experimental parameters studied for the above cases include superficial liquid velocity, particle diameter, initial static
bed height, bed expansion ratio and in addition, superficial gas velocity (in case of gas-liquid-solid sf). Empirical and
semi-empirical models have been developed with the help of dimensional and statistical analyses. The calculated values
from the predicted models have been compared with the experimental ones and fairly good agreement has been obtained.
The present hydrodynamics study along with the developed correlations can find potential application in physical and
chemical processing where activated alumina is used as catalyst and/or desiccant
A Review on Compressive and Tensile Strength of Concrete Containing Rice Husk Ash and Coir Fiber
Chirag.D.Magnani, Hirak.S.Shah, Jay.J.Lad, Darshan Mali, Vatsal. N. Patel
Sch J Eng Tech | 750-754
DOI : 10.36347/sjet
Abstract
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Cement manufacturing industry is one of the carbon dioxide emitting sources besides deforestation and
burning of fossil fuels. The global warming is caused by the emission of green house gases, such as CO2, to the
atmosphere. Among the greenhouse gases, CO2 contributes about 65% of global warming. The global cement industry
contributes about 7% of greenhouse gas emission to the earth’s atmosphere. In order to address environmental effects
associated with cement manufacturing, there is a need to develop alternative binders to make concrete. Consequently
extensive research is on going into the use of cement replacements, using many waste materials and industrial by
products. To reduce the impact on the environment due to industrial and agricultural waste products such as Rice Husk
Ash (RHA) and coconut fibers (COIR) which are the waste products of paddy and agricultural industry. Use of these
materials in concrete not only improves the strength of concrete but also leads to the proper disposal of these materials,
resulting in reducing the impact of these materials on environment. It is found that the rice husk ash is obtained by
burning of rice husk in a controlled way, which is highly reactive pozzolonic material and the coir having excellent
mechanical and physical properties to be utilized in effective way in development of composite materials. This paper
describes about the results obtained from various research done on the partial replacement of cement with RHA and
COIR in concrete.
A System Diagnosis using Descriptor Model with a Constrained Dynamic Motion in a Robot Gripper
Raiwung Park
Sch J Eng Tech | 755-760
DOI : 10.36347/sjet
Abstract
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This research illustrates a method to diagnose a system regarding to an automatic screw or welding assembly
line via the industrial robot that builds a constraint system with counterparts at the moment of working. The timely
righteous estimation and judgment of the states is very important for the safe operation in time domain system. The
synthesis of this problem presumes that all state variables are observable for concerned system. But it seems that it is not
feasible to measure all modes of states of velocities, accelerations, forces and moments directly. A practical solution to
this problem, which should be tried, is the estimation of the states or its velocities by the use of an observer which can
estimate a system characteristics of linear or nonlinear states and effects as a mode, so called, “ Indirect measurement”.
For this procedure, the mathematical model of the concerned physical system which consists of links over joints and
Gripper with the end effector, is derived with the significant remarks such as friction, gravitation, and Coriolis force. This
is a basic system. The concrete assignment is to design the observer that estimates the characteristics of the states and
velocities based on the measurement vectors.
Review on Effect of Deposition Parameters and Annealing on Structural Properties of Nanocrystalline MSe Thin Films by Chemical bath Deposition
Deep Shikha, J.K.Sharma, Jeewan Sharma
Sch J Eng Tech | 761-768
DOI : 10.36347/sjet
Abstract
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Chemical bath deposition technique has been used to synthesize metal selenide (MSe) thin films. MSe(M= Sn,
Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu) thin films are deposited on glass substrates in an aqueous alkaline medium using sodium
selenosulphate as Se2- ion source. The quality and the crystalline size of the MSe thin films has been calculated by X-ray
diffraction (XRD). Information of the strain and the particle size has been obtained from the full widths at half maximum
(FWHM) of the diffraction peaks. Solar selective coatings, solar control, photoconductors, solid state and
photoelectrochemical solar cells, optical imaging, hologram recording, optical mass memories etc. are some of the
applications of metal selenide thin films. In the present review paper we have discussed in detail, how the particle size
varies by changing the deposition parameters like substrate temperature and deposition time and also describe the effect
of annealing
Detection of Security Hacking Attacks by Scan Based TPG Using Verilog
R. Priyadarsini, S. Anusha
Sch J Eng Tech | 769-773
DOI : 10.36347/sjet
Abstract
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Hardware development of cryptographic algorithms is subject to various attacks. It has been previously
demonstrated that scan chains introduce for hardware testability open a back door to potential attacks. Scan based testing
is one of the mainly used and powerful test technique since it provides full observability and controllability of the
internal nodes of the IC. It has been previously demonstrated that scan chains introduced for hardware testability open a
back door to possible attacks. Here, we propose a scan-protection scheme that provides testing facilities both at
production time and over the course of the circuit’s life. Here the underlying principles to scan-in both input vectors and
expected responses and to compare expected and actual responses inside the circuit. Compared to regular scan tests, this
technique has no impact on the quality of the test or the model-based fault diagnosis. It entails negligible area overhead
and avoids the use of an authentication test mechanism
Multi-Period LTE RAN Planning with Operator Profit Maximization (Part 1: Optimization Model Synthesis)
Dmytro Ageyev, Ali Al-Anssari
Sch J Eng Tech | 774-779
DOI : 10.36347/sjet
Abstract
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The LTE RAN planning is a very vital step for a wireless communication technology. The creation of a network
is not an instantaneous process; it typically goes stage by stage. In this article (first part) an optimization model for the
LTE RAN network planning problem is described. Рarameters such as requirements, the cost of installation and usage of
equipment, the specific income from providing services may change over time in the given optimization model. The
analysis of experiment's results showed that formulation of the problem, which is shown above and presented as a
problem of MILP, allows to obtain the correct solutions from the practical point of view. Comparison of the operator's
profit during the single-period and multi-period planning showed that usage of multi-period planning increase the profit
margin to 12% more than the single-period planning
Optimizing horizontal wells length of low permeability reservoir by fuzzy math
Liu Chengting, Yang Panpan, Zhang Dongyang, Meng Qi, Li Rui
Sch J Eng Tech | 780-783
DOI : 10.36347/sjet
Abstract
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M69 block of Jilin province is low permeability reservoir which the choice of horizontal wells length is one of
the essential problems to the oilfield development. In this paper, fuzzy evaluation method will be applied to optimize the
horizontal length of horizontal wells considering layer permeability, pressure difference, fracture quantity, fracture half
length, fracture width and fracture interval six factors comprehensively. The example indicates that the calculation is
accurate with promotional value.
